🗓️ Python 各版本字节码差异表格

[SigureMo]

Note

✅ 是可以点的，可以直达文档～

	Python 3.8	Python 3.9	Python 3.10	Python 3.11	Python 3.12
NOP	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
POP_TOP	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
ROT_TWO	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
ROT_THREE	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
ROT_FOUR	✅🆕	✅	✅	❌	❌
DUP_TOP	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
DUP_TOP_TWO	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
UNARY_POSITIVE	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌
UNARY_NEGATIVE	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
UNARY_NOT	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
UNARY_INVERT	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
GET_ITER	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BINARY_POWER	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_MULTIPLY	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_MATRIX_MULTIPLY	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_FLOOR_DIVIDE	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_TRUE_DIVIDE	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_MODULO	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_ADD	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_SUBTRACT	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_SUBSCR	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BINARY_LSHIFT	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_RSHIFT	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_AND	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_XOR	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
BINARY_OR	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_POWER	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_MULTIPLY	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_MATRIX_MULTIPLY	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_FLOOR_DIVIDE	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_TRUE_DIVIDE	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_MODULO	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_ADD	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_SUBTRACT	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_LSHIFT	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_RSHIFT	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_AND	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_XOR	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
INPLACE_OR	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
STORE_SUBSCR	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
DELETE_SUBSCR	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
GET_AWAITABLE	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: Previously, this instruction did not have an oparg.	✅
GET_AITER	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
GET_ANEXT	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
END_ASYNC_FOR	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.	✅
BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
SETUP_ASYNC_WITH	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
PRINT_EXPR	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌
SET_ADD	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
LIST_APPEND	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
MAP_ADD	✅ Changed in version 3.8: Map value is TOS and map key is TOS1. Before, those were reversed.	✅	✅	✅	✅
RETURN_VALUE	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
YIELD_VALUE	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.12: oparg set to be the exception block depth, for efficient closing of generators.
YIELD_FROM	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
SETUP_ANNOTATIONS	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
IMPORT_STAR	✅	✅	✅	✅	❌
POP_BLOCK	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅
POP_EXCEPT	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.	✅
POP_FINALLY	✅🆕	❌	❌	❌	❌
BEGIN_FINALLY	✅🆕	❌	❌	❌	❌
END_FINALLY	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
LOAD_BUILD_CLASS	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
SETUP_WITH	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅
WITH_CLEANUP_START	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
WITH_CLEANUP_FINISH	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
STORE_NAME	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
DELETE_NAME	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
UNPACK_SEQUENCE	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
UNPACK_EX	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
STORE_ATTR	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
DELETE_ATTR	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
STORE_GLOBAL	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
DELETE_GLOBAL	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
LOAD_CONST	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
LOAD_NAME	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BUILD_TUPLE	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BUILD_LIST	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BUILD_SET	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BUILD_MAP	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BUILD_STRING	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
BUILD_TUPLE_UNPACK_WITH_CALL	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
BUILD_LIST_UNPACK	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
BUILD_SET_UNPACK	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
BUILD_MAP_UNPACK	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
BUILD_MAP_UNPACK_WITH_CALL	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
LOAD_ATTR	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.12: If the low bit of namei is set, then a NULL or self is pushed to the stack before the attribute or unbound method respectively.
COMPARE_OP	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
IMPORT_NAME	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
IMPORT_FROM	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
JUMP_FORWARD	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅ Changed in version 3.12: This is no longer a pseudo-instruction.
POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅ Changed in version 3.12: This is no longer a pseudo-instruction.
JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: The oparg is now a relative delta rather than an absolute target.	❌
JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: The oparg is now a relative delta rather than an absolute target.	❌
JUMP_ABSOLUTE	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
FOR_ITER	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.12: Up until 3.11 the iterator was popped when it was exhausted.
LOAD_GLOBAL	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: If the low bit of namei is set, then a NULL is pushed to the stack before the global variable.	✅
SETUP_FINALLY	✅	✅	✅	❌	✅
CALL_FINALLY	✅🆕	❌	❌	❌	❌
LOAD_FAST	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.12: This opcode is now only used in situations where the local variable is guaranteed to be initialized. It cannot raise UnboundLocalError.
STORE_FAST	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
DELETE_FAST	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
LOAD_CLOSURE	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: i is no longer offset by the length of co_varnames.	✅
LOAD_DEREF	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: i is no longer offset by the length of co_varnames.	✅
LOAD_CLASSDEREF	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: i is no longer offset by the length of co_varnames.	❌
STORE_DEREF	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: i is no longer offset by the length of co_varnames.	✅
DELETE_DEREF	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: i is no longer offset by the length of co_varnames.	✅
RAISE_VARARGS	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
CALL_FUNCTION	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
CALL_FUNCTION_KW	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
CALL_FUNCTION_EX	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
LOAD_METHOD	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
CALL_METHOD	✅	✅	✅	❌	❌
MAKE_FUNCTION	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.10: Flag value 0x04 is a tuple of strings instead of dictionary	✅ Changed in version 3.11: Qualified name at TOS was removed.	✅
BUILD_SLICE	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
EXTENDED_ARG	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
FORMAT_VALUE	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
HAVE_ARGUMENT	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.12: Pseudo instructions were added to the dis module, and for them it is not true that comparison with HAVE_ARGUMENT indicates whether they use their arg.
RERAISE	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.	✅
WITH_EXCEPT_START	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅ Changed in version 3.11: The __exit__ function is in position 4 of the stack rather than 7. Exception representation on the stack now consist of one, not three, items.	✅
LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅
LIST_TO_TUPLE	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	❌
LIST_EXTEND	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅
SET_UPDATE	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅
DICT_UPDATE	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅
DICT_MERGE	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅
IS_OP	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅
CONTAINS_OP	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅	✅
JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH	❌	✅🆕	✅	❌	❌
COPY_DICT_WITHOUT_KEYS	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌	❌
GET_LEN	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅
MATCH_MAPPING	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅
MATCH_SEQUENCE	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅	✅
MATCH_KEYS	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅ Changed in version 3.11: Previously, this instruction also pushed a boolean value indicating success (True) or failure (False).	✅
MATCH_CLASS	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅ Changed in version 3.11: Previously, this instruction also pushed a boolean value indicating success (True) or failure (False).	✅
GEN_START	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌	❌
ROT_N	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌	❌
COPY	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
SWAP	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
CACHE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
BINARY_OP	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
PUSH_EXC_INFO	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
CHECK_EXC_MATCH	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
CHECK_EG_MATCH	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
PREP_RERAISE_STAR	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
BEFORE_WITH	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
JUMP_BACKWARD	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_TRUE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_TRUE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_FALSE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_FALSE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_NOT_NONE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_NOT_NONE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
POP_JUMP_FORWARD_IF_NONE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
POP_JUMP_BACKWARD_IF_NONE	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
MAKE_CELL	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
COPY_FREE_VARS	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
CALL	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
PRECALL	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
PUSH_NULL	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
KW_NAMES	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
RESUME	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
RETURN_GENERATOR	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
SEND	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	✅
ASYNC_GEN_WRAP	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕	❌
END_FOR	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
BINARY_SLICE	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
STORE_SLICE	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
CLEANUP_THROW	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
RETURN_CONST	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
LOAD_LOCALS	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_GLOBALS	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
LOAD_SUPER_ATTR	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅ Changed in version 3.12: This is no longer a pseudo-instruction.
POP_JUMP_IF_NONE	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅ Changed in version 3.12: This is no longer a pseudo-instruction.
LOAD_FAST_CHECK	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
LOAD_FAST_AND_CLEAR	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
LOAD_FROM_DICT_OR_DEREF	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
CALL_INTRINSIC_1	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
CALL_INTRINSIC_2	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅🆕
SETUP_CLEANUP	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅
JUMP	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅
JUMP_NO_INTERRUPT	❌	❌	❌	❌	✅

[SigureMo]

贴一下表格生成的代码，方便以后统计 Python 3.13 等新版本的信息

抓取字节码信息

在不同版本的 dis 文档浏览器控制台中运行如下脚本，以抓取需要的信息

JSON.stringify([...document.querySelectorAll(".opcode")].map(dl => [dl.querySelector(".sig-name").innerText, dl.querySelector(".headerlink").href, dl.querySelector(".versionmodified.added")?.innerText.match(/New in version (\d\.\d+)/)[1], [...dl.querySelectorAll(".versionmodified.changed")].map(change => [change.innerText.match(/Changed in version (\d\.\d+):/)[1], change.parentElement.innerText])]))

统计信息

将抓取得到的字节码粘贴到下面的脚本中以统计信息，并生成 Markdown 表格

from __future__ import annotations

import json
from typing import Dict, TypedDict

py37_code_info = ${py37_code_info ...} # 在这里粘贴抓取到的信息
py38_code_info = ${py38_code_info ...}
py39_code_info = ${py39_code_info ...}
py310_code_info = ${py310_code_info ...}
py311_code_info = ${py311_code_info ...}

code_info_map = {
    "3.7": json.loads(py37_code_info),
    "3.8": json.loads(py38_code_info),
    "3.9": json.loads(py39_code_info),
    "3.10": json.loads(py310_code_info),
    "3.11": json.loads(py311_code_info),
}
py_versions = list(code_info_map.keys())

class InfoItem(TypedDict):
    link: str
    is_new: bool
    change: str | None

InfoTable = Dict[str, Dict[str, InfoItem]]

def gen_info_table(code_info_map) -> InfoTable:
    info_table: InfoTable = {}
    for py_version, code_info in code_info_map.items():
        for code, link, added_version, changes in code_info:
            if code not in info_table:
                info_table[code] = {}
            if py_version not in info_table[code]:
                info_table[code][py_version] = {}
            current_cell = info_table[code][py_version]
            current_cell["link"] = link
            current_cell["is_new"] = added_version == py_version
            current_cell["change"] = None
            for change in changes:
                changed_version, changed_description = change
                if changed_version == py_version:
                    current_cell["change"] = changed_description
    return info_table

def codegen(info_table):
    markdown_output = ""
    markdown_output += "| |"
    for py_version in py_versions:
        markdown_output += f" Python {py_version} |"
    markdown_output += "\n"
    markdown_output += "| :-: |"
    for _ in py_versions:
        markdown_output += f" :-: |"
    markdown_output += "\n"
    for code, code_info in info_table.items():
        line = f"| `{code}` | "
        for py_version in py_versions:
            if py_version in code_info:
                cell = code_info[py_version]
                line += f"[✅]({cell['link']})"
                if cell["is_new"]:
                    line += "🆕"
                if cell["change"] is not None:
                    line += f"<br/>{cell['change']}"
                line += " |"
            else:
                line += " ❌ |"
        markdown_output += line + "\n"
    return markdown_output

if __name__ == "__main__":
    info_table = gen_info_table(code_info_map)
    markdown_output = codegen(info_table)
    with open("bytecode.md", "w") as f:
        f.write(markdown_output)

[SigureMo]

每个版本变化的说明：

• 3.8: https://docs.python.org/3.8/whatsnew/3.8.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
• 3.9: https://docs.python.org/3.9/whatsnew/3.9.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
• 3.10: https://docs.python.org/3.10/whatsnew/3.10.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
• 3.11: https://docs.python.org/3.11/whatsnew/3.11.html#cpython-bytecode-changes
• 3.12: https://docs.python.org/3.12/whatsnew/3.12.html#cpython-bytecode-changes