exponential_backoff with retries=0 causes a 500 internal server error

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Bug summary

We have the number of retires configurable for different tasks, but pass in some common kwargs to all tasks, including an exponential backoff for retries. When a task pulling data from an endpoint was having issues (due to the endpoint adding a more stringent rate limit), we decreased the number of retries to 0, and then noticed many 500 internal server errors.

It seems that, unlike when you specify a list of values to retry_delay_seconds (which works fine with retries=0), the exponential_backoff function causes some issues under the hood.

Reproduction

from prefect import flow, task
from prefect.tasks import exponential_backoff

@task(retries=0, retry_delay_seconds=exponential_backoff(backoff_factor=1))
def a_task():
    raise ValueError()

@flow()
def a_flow():
    a_task()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    a_flow()

Error

File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/tmp2.py", line 11, in a_flow
    a_task()
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/tasks.py", line 689, in __call__
    return enter_task_run_engine(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/engine.py", line 1421, in enter_task_run_engine
    return from_sync.wait_for_call_in_loop_thread(begin_run)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/_internal/concurrency/api.py", line 218, in wait_for_call_in_loop_thread
    return call.result()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/_internal/concurrency/calls.py", line 318, in result
    return self.future.result(timeout=timeout)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/_internal/concurrency/calls.py", line 179, in result
    return self.__get_result()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/.pyenv/versions/3.11.4/lib/python3.11/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 401, in __get_result
    raise self._exception
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/_internal/concurrency/calls.py", line 389, in _run_async
    result = await coro
             ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/engine.py", line 1555, in get_task_call_return_value
    return await future._result()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/futures.py", line 237, in _result
    return await final_state.result(raise_on_failure=raise_on_failure, fetch=True)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/states.py", line 91, in _get_state_result
    raise await get_state_exception(state)
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/task_runners.py", line 231, in submit
    result = await call()
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/engine.py", line 1806, in begin_task_run
    state = await orchestrate_task_run(
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/engine.py", line 2149, in orchestrate_task_run
    state = await propose_state(client, terminal_state, task_run_id=task_run.id)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/utilities/engine.py", line 381, in propose_state
    response = await set_state_and_handle_waits(set_state)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/utilities/engine.py", line 368, in set_state_and_handle_waits
    response = await set_state_func()
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/client/orchestration.py", line 2332, in set_task_run_state
    response = await self._client.post(
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_client.py", line 1892, in post
    return await self.request(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/httpx/_client.py", line 1574, in request
    return await self.send(request, auth=auth, follow_redirects=follow_redirects)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/client/base.py", line 358, in send
    response.raise_for_status()
  File "/home/sam/arenko/flows/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/prefect/client/base.py", line 171, in raise_for_status
    raise PrefectHTTPStatusError.from_httpx_error(exc) from exc.__cause__
prefect.exceptions.PrefectHTTPStatusError: Server error '500 Internal Server Error' for url 'http://ephemeral-prefect/api/task_runs/03b9ffc8-eabd-4fba-89eb-18d19f4dad5e/set_state'
Response: {'exception_message': 'Internal Server Error'}

Versions

Version:             2.19.1
API version:         0.8.4
Python version:      3.11.4
Git commit:          17a1b1d8
Built:               Thu, May 16, 2024 3:33 PM
OS/Arch:             linux/x86_64
Profile:             default
Server type:         ephemeral
Server:
  Database:          sqlite
  SQLite version:    3.37.2

Additional context

No response

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