Add mastr chps

[toniseibold]

Rule build_existing_chp_de

To enable using the MaStR data, set in the config.yaml in the category electricity the variables 'custom_chp: true' and specify a corresponding chp_filter. The rule build_existing_chp_de then downloads the MaStR data from the open mastr project and reads in the CHP plants for Germany only. Using a ZIP Code dictionary from pyGeoDb, the location is determined. With the work of Triebs et al. the efficiencies for electricity generation are calculated Finally, in build_powerplants.py the corresponding data is replaced with the MaStR data.

Note that the pypsa-eur/de_chp branch is needed to add CHP plants to the heating network. If the thermal capacity of CHPs in Germany exists as a column in the powerplant.csv file, those CHPs are added using the efficiencies calculated by Triebs et al. and the capacities of the MaStR.

Open ToDos

• [ ] Depending on the KWK technology, one can differentiate between back pressure and extraction condensing turbines. This leads to a different electrical efficiency that can be implemented in build_existing_chp_de.py.
• [ ] Heating mix looks a bit on the fossil side. Would be interesting to match it to the 2020 Wärmemix.

First results

Heating Supply Germany

CHPs in Germany

urban central coal CHP                19463.868777
urban central gas CHP                 58184.891964
urban central gas CHP CC                  0.000000
urban central lignite CHP              6540.219927
urban central oil CHP                  4234.186248
urban central solid biomass CHP          96.385542
urban central solid biomass CHP CC        0.000000

[fneum]

@toniseibold, I changed a few additional things and I condensed a few remaining TODOs for you. We can revert parts that I overlooked that were necessary.

• adjusted logical expression in config.yaml using De Morgan's laws
• converted capacity unit from kW to MW (conformant with powerplantmatching)
• add optional input to add_existing_baseyear rule
• additional renamers

TODOs

• [x] Double-check my changes
• [x] There are some larger CHPs with missing Fueltype (e.g. HKW Leipzig Nord, HKW Neumünster), which should be manually researched and corrected in the clean_data() function.
• [x] One issue is that there are duplicates for the parameters "ElektrischeKwkLeistung" and "ThermischeNutzleistung" which are not reconciled. Reason: "Hinweis: Eingetragen ist die thermische Nutzleistung der gesamten KWK-Anlage, die in vielen Fällen aus mehreren Einheiten besteht." Maybe one can distribute the total rating to the individual blocks using the block-level capacities (Nettonennleistung/Bruttonennleistung). Checkout HKW Reuter West for an example where this is the case.
• [x] Do another data sanity check for total capacities and energy supply against historical statistics.

[fneum]

Could you post here or on discord the sanity check for total capacities and energy supply against historical statistics?

[lindnemi]

i need to cherry pick a commit from https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-ariadne/pull/77, so probably that PR should be merged first.

also, the exporter needs to be updated in several locations to account for all the new types of CHPs

[lindnemi]

Some of the older oil CHPs have really low electrical efficiency, how is that? @ton @toniseibold