Invalidate `parameters` cache on circuit copy (backport #12619)

[mergify[bot]]

Summary

Previously, the caching of the parameter view could persist between copies of the circuit because it was part of the copy.copy.

Details and comments

Fix #12617.

I verified that this is present in 1.1.0 as well.

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #12619 done by Mergify.

[mergify[bot]]

Cherry-pick of b6c61661272c2e242963c416e64a9a2e050ea25d has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/stable/1.1/pr-12619
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/stable/1.1'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit b6c616612.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
    new file:   releasenotes/notes/fix-parameter-cache-05eac2f24477ccb8.yaml
    modified:   test/python/circuit/test_parameters.py

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
    both modified:   qiskit/circuit/quantumcircuit.py

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[qiskit-bot]

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[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 9610728597

Details

• 1 of 1 (100.0%) changed or added relevant line in 1 file are covered.
• 18 unchanged lines in 3 files lost coverage.
• Overall coverage decreased (-0.02%) to 89.913%

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Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
qiskit/transpiler/passes/synthesis/unitary_synthesis.py	2	88.2%
crates/qasm2/src/lex.rs	4	91.86%
crates/qasm2/src/parse.rs	12	96.69%
<!--	Total:	18		-->

Totals
Change from base Build 9600627572:	-0.02%
Covered Lines:	61815
Relevant Lines:	68750

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💛 - Coveralls