build: update to safe-ds 0.18 and re-enable python 3.12

[WinPlay02]

• restore python 3.12 support, as library now re-enabled support (https://github.com/Safe-DS/Library/pull/536)

[github-actions[bot]]

🦙 MegaLinter status: ✅ SUCCESS

Descriptor	Linter	Files	Fixed	Errors	Elapsed time
✅ REPOSITORY	git_diff	yes		no	0.01s

See detailed report in MegaLinter reports _Set VALIDATE_ALL_CODEBASE: true in mega-linter.yml to validate all sources, not only the diff_

_MegaLinter is graciously provided by _

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Comparison is base (022ca7a) 100.00% compared to head (6addfe5) 100.00%.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #52 +/- ## ========================================= Coverage 100.00% 100.00% ========================================= Files 9 9 Lines 436 436 ========================================= Hits 436 436 ```

:umbrella: View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
:loudspeaker: Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[lars-reimann]

:tada: This PR is included in version 0.6.0 :tada:

The release is available on:

• v0.6.0
• GitHub release

Your semantic-release bot :package::rocket: