feat: add `is_parameter_timeseries` trait, improve parameter timeseries indexing

[AayushSabharwal]

Checklist

• [ ] Appropriate tests were added
• [ ] Any code changes were done in a way that does not break public API
• [ ] All documentation related to code changes were updated
• [ ] The new code follows the contributor guidelines, in particular the SciML Style Guide and COLPRAC.
• [ ] Any new documentation only uses public API

Additional context

Add any other context about the problem here.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 94.08784% with 35 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.82%. Comparing base (c9c7b6c) to head (7b26af0).

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/parameter_indexing.jl	93.04%	19 Missing :warning:
src/value_provider_interface.jl	75.86%	14 Missing :warning:
src/index_provider_interface.jl	92.85%	1 Missing :warning:
src/state_indexing.jl	98.61%	1 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## master #75 +/- ## =========================================== + Coverage 28.07% 92.82% +64.75% =========================================== Files 11 12 +1 Lines 513 1018 +505 =========================================== + Hits 144 945 +801 + Misses 369 73 -296 ``` | [Flag](https://app.codecov.io/gh/SciML/SymbolicIndexingInterface.jl/pull/75/flags?src=pr&el=flags&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=SciML) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [docs](https://app.codecov.io/gh/SciML/SymbolicIndexingInterface.jl/pull/75/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=SciML) | `34.95% <35.36%> (+6.88%)` | :arrow_up: | Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. [Click here](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/carryforward-flags?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=SciML#carryforward-flags-in-the-pull-request-comment) to find out more.

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[AayushSabharwal]

I'll reopen to run CI once MTK and SciMLBase are tagged (closed it a bit prematurely)

[AayushSabharwal]

RAT downstream failure is an adjoint bug in SciMLBase

[AayushSabharwal]

SciMLBase downstream failure is an MTK bug