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SciTools / cartopy

Cartopy - a cartographic python library with matplotlib support
https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy/docs/latest
BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" License
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Plotting custom coastline fails in some projections since Matplolib 3.8 #2260

Closed oliviermarti closed 11 months ago

oliviermarti commented 11 months ago

Description

Plotting custom coastline fails in some projections since Matplolib 3.8

The coastline is a series of longitude/latitude values. A few values are set to np.nan to interrupt the line between continental masses.

The code will produce a first figure, which is close to what we want. But with an obvious problem.

The second figure fails in the present environment, but was perfectly fine with older version of Matplotlib (and other packages, but I haven't a log of that)

Thanks,

Olivier

Code to reproduce

import xarray as xr
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy.crs as ccrs

f_c = 'https://thredds-su.ipsl.fr/thredds/dodsC/tgcc_thredds/work/p86mart/GRAF/DATA/eorca1.4.2_coastline.nc'
d_c = xr.open_dataset (f_c)

# Read line data
## lon_coast, lat_coast contain nan where the line must be interrupted
lon_coast = d_c['lon_coast'] ; lat_coast = d_c['lat_coast']

# Describe the model projection in the file
ProjIn = ccrs.PlateCarree (central_longitude=0) 

# Projection for plots
ProjPlot = ccrs.Robinson (central_longitude=0) # Plotted projection

# Creates the figure, with a projection
fix, ax = plt.subplots ( 1, 2, subplot_kw={'projection':ProjPlot} )

# Plot model coastline 
## This plot works, but is not what we want !
ax[0].plot (lon_coast.fillna(0), lat_coast.fillna(0), linewidth=2, color='red' , transform=ProjIn)

# This plot fails. It was OK with Matplotlib 3.7
np.seterr (all='ignore') # Does not help
ax[1].plot (lon_coast, lat_coast, linewidth=1, color='blue', transform=ProjIn)

Traceback

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
GEOSException                             Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[17], line 27
     25 # This plot fails. It was OK with Matplotlib 3.7
     26 np.seterr (all='ignore') # Does not help
---> 27 ax[1].plot (lon_coast, lat_coast, linewidth=1, color='blue', transform=ProjIn)

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.py:1723, in Axes.plot(self, scalex, scaley, data, *args, **kwargs)
   1721 lines = [*self._get_lines(self, *args, data=data, **kwargs)]
   1722 for line in lines:
-> 1723     self.add_line(line)
   1724 if scalex:
   1725     self._request_autoscale_view("x")

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py:2309, in _AxesBase.add_line(self, line)
   2306 if line.get_clip_path() is None:
   2307     line.set_clip_path(self.patch)
-> 2309 self._update_line_limits(line)
   2310 if not line.get_label():
   2311     line.set_label(f'_child{len(self._children)}')

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_base.py:2348, in _AxesBase._update_line_limits(self, line)
   2346 if self.transData.is_affine:
   2347     line_trans_path = line._get_transformed_path()
-> 2348     na_path, _ = line_trans_path.get_transformed_path_and_affine()
   2349     data_path = trf_to_data.transform_path_affine(na_path)
   2350 else:

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/transforms.py:2776, in TransformedPath.get_transformed_path_and_affine(self)
   2770 def get_transformed_path_and_affine(self):
   2771     """
   2772     Return a copy of the child path, with the non-affine part of
   2773     the transform already applied, along with the affine part of
   2774     the path necessary to complete the transformation.
   2775     """
-> 2776     self._revalidate()
   2777     return self._transformed_path, self.get_affine()

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/transforms.py:2752, in TransformedPath._revalidate(self)
   2746 def _revalidate(self):
   2747     # only recompute if the invalidation includes the non_affine part of
   2748     # the transform
   2749     if (self._invalid == self._INVALID_FULL
   2750             or self._transformed_path is None):
   2751         self._transformed_path = \
-> 2752             self._transform.transform_path_non_affine(self._path)
   2753         self._transformed_points = \
   2754             Path._fast_from_codes_and_verts(
   2755                 self._transform.transform_non_affine(self._path.vertices),
   2756                 None, self._path)
   2757     self._invalid = 0

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/matplotlib/transforms.py:2426, in CompositeGenericTransform.transform_path_non_affine(self, path)
   2424     return path
   2425 elif not self._a.is_affine and self._b.is_affine:
-> 2426     return self._a.transform_path_non_affine(path)
   2427 else:
   2428     return self._b.transform_path_non_affine(
   2429                             self._a.transform_path(path))

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/cartopy/mpl/geoaxes.py:186, in InterProjectionTransform.transform_path_non_affine(self, src_path)
    182 geoms = cpatch.path_to_geos(src_path,
    183                             getattr(self, 'force_path_ccw', False))
    185 for geom in geoms:
--> 186     proj_geom = self.target_projection.project_geometry(
    187         geom, self.source_projection)
    188     transformed_geoms.append(proj_geom)
    190 if not transformed_geoms:

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/cartopy/crs.py:817, in Projection.project_geometry(self, geometry, src_crs)
    815 if not method_name:
    816     raise ValueError(f'Unsupported geometry type {geom_type!r}')
--> 817 return getattr(self, method_name)(geometry, src_crs)

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/cartopy/crs.py:922, in Projection._project_multiline(self, geometry, src_crs)
    920 geoms = []
    921 for geom in geometry.geoms:
--> 922     r = self._project_line_string(geom, src_crs)
    923     if r:
    924         geoms.extend(r.geoms)

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/cartopy/crs.py:823, in Projection._project_line_string(self, geometry, src_crs)
    822 def _project_line_string(self, geometry, src_crs):
--> 823     return cartopy.trace.project_linear(geometry, src_crs, self)

File lib/cartopy/trace.pyx:585, in cartopy.trace.project_linear()

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/shapely/prepared.py:45, in PreparedGeometry.covers(self, other)
     43 def covers(self, other):
     44     """Returns True if the geometry covers the other, else False"""
---> 45     return self.context.covers(other)

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/shapely/geometry/base.py:650, in BaseGeometry.covers(self, other)
    648 def covers(self, other):
    649     """Returns True if the geometry covers the other, else False"""
--> 650     return _maybe_unpack(shapely.covers(self, other))

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/shapely/decorators.py:77, in multithreading_enabled.<locals>.wrapped(*args, **kwargs)
     75     for arr in array_args:
     76         arr.flags.writeable = False
---> 77     return func(*args, **kwargs)
     78 finally:
     79     for arr, old_flag in zip(array_args, old_flags):

File ~/mambaforge/envs/FULL/lib/python3.10/site-packages/shapely/predicates.py:688, in covers(a, b, **kwargs)
    642 @multithreading_enabled
    643 def covers(a, b, **kwargs):
    644     """Returns True if no point in geometry B is outside geometry A.
    645 
    646     Parameters
   (...)
    686     False
    687     """
--> 688     return lib.covers(a, b, **kwargs)

GEOSException: IllegalArgumentException: CGAlgorithmsDD::orientationIndex encountered NaN/Inf numbers
Full environment definition ### Operating system Mac OS X 13.5.2 ### Cartopy versions (and others) Version python : 3.10.12 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Jun 23 2023, 22:39:40) [Clang 15.0.7 ] Version numpy : 1.23.5 Version xarray : 2023.9.0 Version Matplotlib : 3.8.0 Version Cartopy : 0.22.0 ### conda list ``` # packages in environment at /Users/marti/mambaforge/envs/FULL: # # Name Version Build Channel _py-xgboost-mutex 2.0 cpu_0 conda-forge _r-mutex 1.0.1 anacondar_1 conda-forge affine 2.4.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge antlr-python-runtime 4.7.2 py310h2ec42d9_1003 conda-forge anyio 4.0.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge aom 3.6.1 he965462_0 conda-forge appdirs 1.4.4 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge appnope 0.1.3 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge argon2-cffi 23.1.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge argon2-cffi-bindings 21.2.0 py310h6729b98_4 conda-forge arrow 1.3.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge asttokens 2.4.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge async-lru 2.0.4 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge atk-1.0 2.38.0 h1d18e73_1 conda-forge attrs 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conda-forge urllib3 2.0.5 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge wcwidth 0.2.8 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge webcolors 1.13 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge webencodings 0.5.1 pyhd8ed1ab_2 conda-forge webob 1.8.7 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge websocket-client 1.6.3 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge wget 3.2 pypi_0 pypi wheel 0.41.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge widgetsnbextension 4.0.9 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge wmctrl 0.5 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge xarray 2023.9.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge xcdat 0.5.0 pyhd8ed1ab_2 conda-forge xerces-c 3.2.4 h6314983_3 conda-forge xesmf 0.8.2 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge xgboost 1.7.6 cpu_py310h84be057_2 conda-forge xgcm 0.8.1 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge xlrd 2.0.1 pyhd8ed1ab_3 conda-forge xlsxwriter 3.1.6 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge xorg-kbproto 1.0.7 h35c211d_1002 conda-forge xorg-libice 1.1.1 h0dc2134_0 conda-forge xorg-libsm 1.2.4 h0dc2134_0 conda-forge xorg-libx11 1.8.6 hbd0b022_0 conda-forge xorg-libxau 1.0.11 h0dc2134_0 conda-forge xorg-libxdmcp 1.1.3 h35c211d_0 conda-forge xorg-libxext 1.3.4 hb7f2c08_2 conda-forge xorg-libxrender 0.9.11 h0dc2134_0 conda-forge xorg-libxt 1.3.0 h0dc2134_1 conda-forge xorg-renderproto 0.11.1 h0d85af4_1002 conda-forge xorg-xextproto 7.3.0 hb7f2c08_1003 conda-forge xorg-xproto 7.0.31 h35c211d_1007 conda-forge xxhash 0.8.2 h4140336_0 conda-forge xyzservices 2023.7.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge xz 5.2.6 h775f41a_0 conda-forge yamale 4.0.4 pyh6c4a22f_0 conda-forge yaml 0.2.5 h0d85af4_2 conda-forge zeromq 4.3.4 he49afe7_1 conda-forge zfp 1.0.0 hf3d7188_4 conda-forge zict 3.0.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge zipp 3.17.0 pyhd8ed1ab_0 conda-forge zlib 1.2.13 h8a1eda9_5 conda-forge zlib-ng 2.0.7 hb7f2c08_0 conda-forge zstd 1.5.5 h829000d_0 conda-forge ``` ### pip list
oliviermarti commented 11 months ago

I've made some tests by degrading/upgrading some python modules : the problem clearly appears between cartopy 0.21.1 and 0.22. Recent versions of geos and shapely packages are OK.

greglucas commented 11 months ago

I think we may be getting an invalid line somewhere in this new fast-path check. I suppose the easy thing is to ignore these geometries. But, I can't come up with a simple test case that fails, something like this. Do you have a simpler reproducer?

x = np.array([0, 1, 2, np.nan, 4, 5, 6])
y = np.array([0, 1, 2, np.nan, 4, 5, 6])

ax.plot(x, y, transform=cartopy.crs.PlateCarree())

Here is what I think would solve the issue:

diff --git a/lib/cartopy/trace.pyx b/lib/cartopy/trace.pyx
index d4550b47..a47000dc 100644
--- a/lib/cartopy/trace.pyx
+++ b/lib/cartopy/trace.pyx
@@ -582,6 +582,9 @@ def project_linear(geometry not None, src_crs not None,
     cdef bool geom_fully_inside = False
     if isinstance(dest_projection, (ccrs._RectangularProjection, ccrs._WarpedRectangularProjection)):
         dest_line = sgeom.LineString([(x[0], x[1]) for x in dest_coords])
+        if dest_line.is_valid:
+            # We can only check for covers with valid geometries
+            geom_fully_inside = gp_domain.covers(dest_line)
         geom_fully_inside = gp_domain.covers(dest_line)

     lines = LineAccumulator()
oliviermarti commented 11 months ago

The simplest I can write : 

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import cartopy.crs as ccrs

x = np.array ( [10, 20, 30, np.nan, 50, 60, 70] )
y = np.array ( [10, 20, 30, np.nan, 50, 60, 70] )

fix, ax = plt.subplots ( 1, 1, subplot_kw={'projection':ccrs.Robinson()} )

ax.plot (x, y, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree () )`

Note that only a few projections encounter the problem : Robinson, Mollweide. It seems to be limited to some projections with a global covers. Orthographic, and more generally projections that shows only out part of the globe are OK.

greglucas commented 11 months ago

Thanks! The linked PR does have a minimal reproducer similar to yours now. https://github.com/SciTools/cartopy/pull/2262