XiyueWang-Miraikan
commented
2 years ago Approach
This paper aims to understand blind people’s needs and preferences for interactivity in 3D printed models by investigating two research questions:
- RQ1: How do blind people explore tactile models (that are not interactive)?
- RQ2: What interaction techniques are effective in I3Ms?
Study
- Goal
- Draw design implications from
- (1) blind people’s exploration behaviors
- (2) user-defined input techniques.
- Participants
- 12 legally blind (female = 8)
- 23 to 60 years (mean = 40.75, SD = 13.15)
- low vision = 1, college graduate = 8, Braille reader = 11 (did not read regularly = 4), iPhone user = 11
- Procedure
- One session (60 min): two sections
- Exploration: performing one task for each model
- Task 1. Identify the Model.
- Task 2. Describe the Shape of an Element.
- Task 3. Describe the Shapes of Nearby Elements.
- Requirements:
- Think aloud and explain what they were feeling and doing.
- Elicitation: researchers prompt a user with the effects of an action (Referent, or functions), and the user is expected to provide the causes of the action (Sign, or input technique).
- Referent 1. Get General Model Information.
- Referent 2. Select an Element and Get its Name.
- Referent 3. Select a Sub-Area of an Element and Get its Name.
- Referent 4. Get More Information.
- Referent 5. Record Note.
- Referent 6. Retrieve Notes.
- Analysis
- Exploration section
- Code the video clips using a digital note card (1. a static frame, 2. an identification code, 3. text explaining the frame, 4. related dialog)
- Cluster the note cards into groups based on hand postures and gestures
- Identify the theme of each group
- Elicitation section
- Sort suggested input
- Calculate the Max-Consensus and Consensus-Distinct Ratio for each Referent
- Develop themes from the transcription using axial coding
Links
Abstract
Three-dimensional printed models have the potential to serve as powerful accessibility tools for blind people. Recently, researchers have developed methods to further enhance 3D prints by making them interactive: when a user touches a certain area in the model, the model speaks a description of the area. However, these interactive models were limited in terms of their functionalities and interaction techniques. We conducted a two-section study with 12 legally blind participants to fill in the gap between existing interactive model technologies and end users' needs, and explore design opportunities. In the first section of the study, we observed participants' behavior as they explored and identified models and their components. In the second section, we elicited user-defined input techniques that would trigger various functions from an interactive model. We identified five exploration activities (e.g., comparing tactile elements), four hand postures (e.g., using one hand to hold a model in the air), and eight gestures (e.g., using index finger to strike on a model) from the participants' exploration processes and aggregate their elicited input techniques. We derived key insights from our findings including: (1) design implications for I3M technologies, and (2) specific designs for interactions and functionalities for I3Ms.
3Dプリンタが普及したことで，3次元的なタッチデバイスを製作することが可能になったので，それらを用いた視覚障害者向けの入力手法はどのようなものがあるか検討した研究