[BugFix] Fix show keys from support external catalog (backport #52977)

[Astralidea]

Why I'm doing:

When Power BI connects to external tables, it executes the SHOW KEYS FROM $database.$table statement. This statement is supported for internal tables but not for external tables, resulting in Power BI failing to connect to external tables.

What I'm doing:

To fix this issue, modify the SHOW KEYS FROM statement to take the catalog into account, ensuring that the corresponding database and table can be located properly.

Fixes #52977

What type of PR is this:

• [x] BugFix
• [ ] Feature
• [ ] Enhancement
• [ ] Refactor
• [ ] UT
• [ ] Doc
• [ ] Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• [ ] Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• [x] No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• [ ] Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• [ ] Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• [ ] Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• [ ] Feature removed
• [ ] Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• [ ] I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• [ ] This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • [ ] I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• [x] This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• [x] I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • [ ] 3.4
  • [ ] 3.3
  • [x] 3.2
  • [ ] 3.1
  • [ ] 3.0

[sonarcloud[bot]]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

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