[Refactor] add connector metadata request to simplify interfaces

[dirtysalt]

Why I'm doing:

What I'm doing:

Add ConnectorMetadataRquest to simplify interfaces. So I can add more variables without rewriting interfaces.

Fixes #issue

What type of PR is this:

• [ ] BugFix
• [ ] Feature
• [ ] Enhancement
• [x] Refactor
• [ ] UT
• [ ] Doc
• [ ] Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• [ ] Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• [x] No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• [ ] Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• [ ] Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• [ ] Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• [ ] Feature removed
• [ ] Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• [ ] I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• [ ] This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • [ ] I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• [ ] This is a backport pr

Bugfix cherry-pick branch check:

• [x] I have checked the version labels which the pr will be auto-backported to the target branch
  • [x] 3.4
  • [ ] 3.3
  • [ ] 3.2
  • [ ] 3.1
  • [ ] 3.0

[sonarcloud[bot]]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
4 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[github-actions[bot]]

[Java-Extensions Incremental Coverage Report]

:white_check_mark: pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

[github-actions[bot]]

[FE Incremental Coverage Report]

:white_check_mark: pass : 19 / 19 (100.00%)

file detail

	path	covered_line	new_line	coverage	not_covered_line_detail
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/server/MetadataMgr.java	2	2	100.00%	[]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/planner/IcebergScanNode.java	3	3	100.00%	[]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/connector/ConnectorMetadatRequestContext.java	6	6	100.00%	[]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/connector/iceberg/IcebergMetadata.java	1	1	100.00%	[]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/connector/partitiontraits/IcebergPartitionTraits.java	5	5	100.00%	[]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/connector/CatalogConnectorMetadata.java	1	1	100.00%	[]
:large_blue_circle:	com/starrocks/connector/unified/UnifiedMetadata.java	1	1	100.00%	[]

[github-actions[bot]]

[BE Incremental Coverage Report]

:white_check_mark: pass : 0 / 0 (0%)

[dirtysalt]

@mergify backport branch-3.4

[mergify[bot]]

backport branch-3.4

✅ Backports have been created

* [#53140 [Refactor] add connector metadata request to simplify interfaces (backport #53122)](https://github.com/StarRocks/starrocks/pull/53140) has been created for branch `branch-3.4`