This covers the size tier below molecules, which would include nuclear isomers, exotic atoms, and exotic hadrons (one level below atoms). This stuff will focus less on "normal" chemistry, and focus more on nuclear & quantum chemistry to get desired materials.
Scale 1: Exotic molecules made from antimatter and matter being bonded together
Scientists have compared this to a lightsaber for some reason. So maybe this is not utterly useless
Scale 2: Modified Nuclei, includes protons, neutrons and electrons, but with major changes to atomic structure. No other particles involved.
Creation of nuclear isomers & superheavy elements (both are kinda related together):
Use ALL reactions and decay chains of superheavy elements that have been proven so far (according to wikipedia)
Nuclear isomers could be used to stabilize superheavy elements: "Each additional unit of spin change larger than 1 that the emitted gamma ray must carry inhibits decay rate by about 5 orders of magnitude."
The high mass of superheavy elements could be used for something
Scale 3: Exotic nuclei, where the usual protons, neutrons and electrons have been replaced by exotic subatomic particles such as positrons, muons, etc.
It is possible that these exotic nuclei belonged in their own periodic table with their own chemical properties. There could be an entirely new periodic table made of elements where all electrons were replaced with positrons. Yet another periodic table where all protons were replaced with something else. Each would have their own unique chemistry. Below is a chart sent by Zalgo
A lot of the created nuclei would be unstable, so an end-game method of preserving them could be a multiblock (The unstable matter preservation chamber) that accelerates the matter to very close to the speed of light so that it never decays due to time dilation. That might make the matter useless though. If possible, use stable exotic nuclei. Mesons will not be included since they have very short half-lifes.
This covers the size tier below molecules, which would include nuclear isomers, exotic atoms, and exotic hadrons (one level below atoms). This stuff will focus less on "normal" chemistry, and focus more on nuclear & quantum chemistry to get desired materials.
Scale 1: Exotic molecules made from antimatter and matter being bonded together
Positronium Hydride
Molecules made out of light and other matter
Scale 2: Modified Nuclei, includes protons, neutrons and electrons, but with major changes to atomic structure. No other particles involved.
Creation of nuclear isomers & superheavy elements (both are kinda related together):
Neutronium (but realistic)
Scale 3: Exotic nuclei, where the usual protons, neutrons and electrons have been replaced by exotic subatomic particles such as positrons, muons, etc.
It is possible that these exotic nuclei belonged in their own periodic table with their own chemical properties. There could be an entirely new periodic table made of elements where all electrons were replaced with positrons. Yet another periodic table where all protons were replaced with something else. Each would have their own unique chemistry. Below is a chart sent by Zalgo
Production of exotic nuclei:
Rather than an island of stability, a continent of stability has been proposed for nuclei made of bound quarks rather than bound subatomic particles
Examples (somewhat proven to exist):
Speculative ideas: