feat: add duval's algorithm

[aminegh20]

Description of Change

Added the implementation of Duval's Algorithm for finding the lexicographically smallest cyclic shift of a sequence. The algorithm is based on the concept of Lyndon words and works in O(n) time, making it efficient for this type of task. This implementation is generic and works with various sequence types, such as strings, vectors, arrays, and deques.

Checklist

• [x] Added description of change
• [x] Added file name matches File name guidelines
• [x] Added tests and example, test must pass
• [x] Added documentation so that the program is self-explanatory and educational - Doxygen guidelines
• [x] Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
• [x] PR title follows semantic commit guidelines
• [x] Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
• [x] I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.