Feature/bitap pattern matching

This PR introduces the Bitap algorithm, a powerful string-matching technique renowned for its efficiency in finding exact patterns within text. Bitap leverages bitwise operations to achieve rapid matching, making it particularly well-suited for scenarios where speed is crucial, such as large-scale text processing, search engines, and bioinformatics applications.

The implemented functions, 1FindExactPattern1 and 1FindFuzzyPattern`, provide implementation for both exact matching and fuzzy matching using this algorithm.

Motivation

Speed Optimization: Bitap offers a substantial performance improvement over naïve string search approaches, especially when dealing with longer patterns or large datasets.
Versatility: While primarily designed for exact pattern matching, Bitap can be extended to handle fuzzy matching with minor modifications.
Reduced Complexity: Bitap's elegant bit-parallel approach can simplify code compared to other string-matching algorithms.

How Bitap Works (Simplified)

Pattern Preprocessing: A bitmask is created for the pattern, representing each character's presence or absence.
Text Scanning: The algorithm iterates over the text, maintaining a "state" register. Bitwise operations are used to update this state based on the current character.
Match Detection: When the state register indicates a match, the corresponding index is returned.

Pros

Exceptional Speed: Outperforms naïve string search in most cases.
Compact Implementation: Relatively straightforward to code compared to some other algorithms.
Low Memory Usage: Bitap primarily relies on bitwise operations, using minimal memory.

Cons

Limited to Exact Matching: While fuzzy matching extensions exist, they can be less efficient than dedicated fuzzy search algorithms.
Preprocessing Overhead: Bitap requires a preprocessing step to create the pattern mask.
Character Set Limitations: The classic Bitap algorithm assumes a fixed character set (e.g., ASCII).

Use Cases

Text Editors: Implementing fast search functionality.
Search Engines: Efficiently indexing and retrieving text data.
Bioinformatics: Quickly identifying patterns in DNA or protein sequences.
Network Intrusion Detection: Scanning network traffic for malicious patterns.

TheAlgorithms / C-Sharp