Thesis: Artist Investment Token

[synctext]

Thesis: replace music industry with open source code, including the investment part.

Wealth has accumulated with a select few: the investing class. The rest of the world belongs to the worker class. Digital technology is breaking the monopoly on investing. We prove the viability of our ideas with an Internet-deployment focused on an industry that operates purely digitally and has deep rooted monopolistic culture: the music industry.

Prior work: https://github.com/Tribler/trustchain-superapp/issues/45

We automated the music experience. Previously we build the code to directly link artists with their fans (e.g. open source Spotify app). This thesis is focused on the discovery and growth of new talent. This thesis aims to bootstrap a sustainable music ecosystem without any music industry. Any citizen is able to invest in upcoming artists. Investors support artist and enable them to create new music. Investments ensure that rent gets paid, day jobs can be quit, and professional equipment can be procured. Investments pay back when the artist releases new material and income is generated. The zero-server technology stack of Delft University is used, see MusicDAO. The Android-to-Android networking stack is able to communicate music, money, and trust without relying on any central server.

In technical terms the investor simply send Bitcoins to the artist wallet. New Creative Commons music is released. Fans reward the artist and the investor can be paid back. Enforcement of honesty by the artist is out of scope of this thesis. We assume reputational mechanisms are sufficient and no crypto magic needs to be attempted. The usability of the MusicDAO needs further improvement. Discovery of new music is too slow. Connect to main Tribler network: IPv8 Tag Community. Performance results could be obtained during a 2 week observation period after release on forums such as Tweakers.nl and TorrentFreak.com. Thesis format will be an 8-page IEEE formatted scientific article, with additional Delft blue mandatory covers. See zero-server stack IEEE article example.

First print goal: compile musicDAO, inject music, no dumping of code please. Just build upon existing code, fix what needs fixing. Discover music on a 2nd phone. Make a new .APK

[Dmole]

Existing solutions https://blockonomi.com/youtube-alternative appear to lack popular creator adoption required for average people to leave the convenience of patreon/youtube/etc.

[synctext]

Background info. New music seems a failing market. Music industry has declining new artistic output. Record label policy is now to never listen to new stuff or read here.

[Dmole]

They say those conclusions are from this data https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/hot-100-songs/ but the data seems to disagree; it's new music (released in the year).

Billboard has some data that excludes online content so maybe they looked in the wrong place.

The billboard data seems to be OK; I checked a few youtube videos with a 1B+ views and they showed up in the year end data.

[brian2509]

Sprint Update

• Got more familiar with code and concepts; serverless-infrastructure, BitTorrent protocol IEPs, code-setup
• Compiled trustchain superapp with musicdao
  • Intermediate goal was to get the minimum completely decentralized version working i.e. 2 participants on network should be able to use it successfully (making use of DHT instead of trackers and open port needed to enable accepting connections/not be firewalled, added a settings page for this)
  • Fixed numerous bugs to achieve this, but still flaky behavior
  • Worked on separating code such that UI separate from logic/algorithms, currently very intertwined -> hard to fix bugs, test and evaluate, can for example not be called from a CLI

Small demo; music hosted on other phone & screenshots other version


app-debug.apk app-debug.apk (more stable)

[synctext]

• very impressive fast start :astonished:
  1. inheritance of 12 months of prior MusicDAO effort
  2. traced and fixed critical bugs {off-by-1 gossip never worked for 2 phones in small IPv8 network sizes}
  3. working .APK
  4. New UI!
  5. For bonus even a demo video
  6. https://github.com/brian2509/trustchain-superapp/tree/music_dao_new
• new shape of music industry
  • Everybody can start music composition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ableton_Live
  • soundcloud music artist discovery
  • broader talent pool, higher quality level for starting music artists and self-improvement Internet tutorials
• Critical that the code is of high quality, for "a library to replace Big Tech"
  • docs
  • code coverage
  • tutorials
• Web3 discussed:
  • what is the societal economic infrastructure by 2050?
  • no intermediaries
  • forced to pay fee currently
  • powerful monopolies block Web3 uptake
  • Utopia, user are unaware that they use decentralised technology: It-Simply-Works
  • Facebook is far from dead, its even a profit beast Next sprints: perfect low-level network connectivity, code quality, artist tokens, etc.

[brian2509]

Sprint update

• Moved to the different codebase described in previous sprint update and further worked on making the base functionality work
  • Main focus was on getting the infrastructure more robust i.e. pushing the project closer to where it can be used without using Android, also some user interface work to get it to a minimum viable state at least
  • Re-wrote a lot of torrenting logic
    • Discovered a lot of unexplained behavior due to finding out libtorrent is very sophisticated; queueing logic and auto-managing torrents is default and have lots of default limitations.
    • Had a problem for a long time of info-hashes seemingly not being created deterministically which is fixed now
• Minimum peer to peer (2 phones) situation is now working ~reliably with use of DHT discovery only (no trackers) and Trustchain gossiping
• Small demo again; music hosted on another phone and going through some of the functions (search is local still)

app-debug.apk app-debug.apk-new

[synctext]

• yet again, impressive engineering progress!
• Business ideas: 'the music industry should have frictionless movement between record labels and hosters. Similar to the telecom industry, you can seamlessly switch and SIM-card based customer lock-in is a thing of the past.'
• read several master thesis reports in-depth for a clear understanding of "master thesis level".
• You need 8 pages of text with 5-ish figures, see Joost example
• At a later stage, find, list, and read scientific literature on Scholar.google or the term tokenomics
  • scientific observation for thesis content: 'Section 4.3 Zero-token approach. . . Many speculative projects use a token for governance. This thesis shows no native token is needed. Bitcoin cybercurrency can be used for everything. Trustchain is the ledger that makes it scale. etc.'
  • We dont need anything like this.
• At a later stage, scientific 1-page write-up: your thesis is more generic than the music industry. No need to show that other then in writing. like: working class... break the monopoly of the financial world, 'Digital technology is breaking the monopoly on investing.', we aim to reduce the barriers to entry, everybody can become an investor, robot economy is about sharing equally hopefully and eternal vacation for all humanity :laughing: , etc
• Lean and mean code: zero over-engineering please
• This is what you are experiencing at a smaller scale, working with merely a vague end-goal. its the inefficient science and innovation process
• Coming sprints: 'fix the app' :rescue_worker_helmet:

[brian2509]

Sprint update

• Design work on DAO/artist investment token and good meeting with AFM supervisor about different DAO models and their requirements/enforcement, but no conclusions yet. Some interesting points.
  • Legal enforcement should not be a requirement or in scope, not interesting here
  • Model that shows some similarities are a “jury/witness model” such as BisqDAO which works with a P2P network and hash commitments to Bitcoin in combination with a a chosen jury of contributors that solve conflicts and are paid in fees
• Implementation
  • Add and integrate local cache using Room (SQLite) for non-trust chain data; this removed almost all file system crashes
  • Add and integrate Dagger Hilt for dependency injection and move app to this, will make codebase more robust
  • Peers can now publish and update meta-data on themselves (profile) which others can see in the app as profiles
  • Attempted getting Bitcoin working with a regtest
    • Set-up a Ubuntu VPS, tried to set-up regtest manually and tried some docker images which do work but bitcoinj does not sync up yet
    • Wallet now implemented in app, connects to peer but does not sync
  • Having a lot of difficulty with gradle in super-app; hard to add dependencies or bump versions
  • Further bug fixing
• Design work on meta-data infrastructure for information not-related to tracks i.e. artist information, future token information, income, expenses, etc.
  • Ideal requirements: fully p2p, equal responsibilities, no “service” providers
  • Current approach: close to default Trustchain approach, but active periodic gossiping included for higher availability. Information is self-published in chain. Information is requested from peers or crawled when not available locally.
  • Problem: some meta-data should be updatable i.e. payment public keys. This is similar to revocation problem (hard). Current approach is re-publishing and marking latest known information as valid.
  • Different interesting (but complex approach) would be something like BTDHT but with public keys of users as keys in the table. This way a section of the DHT is responsible for keeping someone's chain (and thus meta-data) available.
    • Might provide some other guarantees; presumably less messaging / more throughput and more reliability
• Reading
  • Read few master thesis to get idea of master thesis level
  • Read papers covering some of the problems in music industry
  • Read up on IPv8 and Trustchain documentation and TrustchainCommunity implementation

open

app-debug.apk (will override current debug apk) app-debug.apk (no google services, but seperate apk)

[synctext]

• Yet again again, impressive engineering progress!
• PR! First priority: push to main!! (available to all msc students in course)
• System of strangers:
  • First-class citizens: dealing with untrusted strangers
  • Spam, abuse, fraud, and freeriding
  • Everything else is secondary; performance and even features.
• Uncompromising requirements: fully p2p, equal responsibilities, no “service” providers
• Minimal Viable Investment Token ("MVIT")
  • rely solely on the good will of the artist.
  • No witnesses or other fragile mechanisms
  • Possibly the default platform behaviour is to bias the search results. Artists which give back are promoted, artist which are not giving back investment plus have positive income; those are demoted. Social contract. Or is this a step towards "Cancel Culture" and should be avoided?
  • Science breakthrough is a real DAO, thus an DAO-like "artist investment collective" is cardinal milestone
  • Overlap with class 2022 Blockchain Engineering (nobody selected that one :astonished:): You will repair the core flaw of Bitcoin: the lack of scalability. You will create Schnorr Threshold Signatures compatible with the live Bitcoin network and Android. Goal: to unlock the collective ownership of money for groups of millions of people; the core of any DAO. Nobody has ever been able to realise this cryptographic primitive. Nobody. You might be the first to crack it 1st_place_medal (or learn lots of "Blockchain Engineering"). Reading: the FROST algorithm, some details on Taproot upgrade our non-scaling DAO, and partial FROST.
  • Current legal rules, today's investment rules and enforcement issues are all out of scope for this scientific proof-of-principle. we uncompromisingly focus on tomorrow.
  • Just take 100 albums from here, for instance. That is enough for scientific proof-of-principle. They promote their BTC wallet!
  • MusicDAO general operation
  • Donations to artist are verifiable and auditable
  • We exclusively rely on donation tracking, audience tracking is for another master thesis
  • Artist profile: wallet, albums, investments, and donations
  • The single "artist investment collective" is central to the MusicDAO, they vote on investment proposals by artists
  • every artist can make proposals via signed Trustchain records (for instance)
  • First focus on Taproot n-of-n signatures. Thereby first avoiding the complexity of Merkle tree explosion for n-of-m voting.
  • Thesis focus is then the enabling investment application and the world-first realisation of DAO investment mechanism (zero-server architecture and no governance token needed)
  • Royalty token idea? (thesis is 45 ECTS, 9 months only)
• Possible end-game: publish on Torrentfreak "Get free Bitcoins to give them away to artists" for live trail and Taproot 1Euro transactions.
• An operational Bitcoin Regtest already exists in Superapp
  • Taproot.tribler.org documentation const val REG_TEST_FAUCET_IP = "131.180.27.224", the call itself and documentation here
• re-implementation of Joost his work on binary EVA protocol for UDP transfer of social profile picture, etc.
• Quality of life improvements. Polish. No fresh music in 20 seconds during first usage;
  • refresh works! 3 albums in latest version music discovery experiment.
  • event when background downloading is complete
  • automagically play music
  • automagically goto next song

[synctext]

Related: https://royal.io/editions/verite-hes-not-you https://polygonscan.com/address/0x7c885c4bFd179fb59f1056FBea319D579A278075/advanced#code

[brian2509]

Sprint Update

• Main things I am working on: bitcoin integration and adding arbitrary torrents / mass seeding of torrents. Some early design decisions are popping up now and making things a bit difficult.
• Initially I opted to only use magnet links for simplicity, but due to some limitations in jlibtorrent (requirement of .torrent metadata when seeding with N = 1) .torrent files will have to be cached and downloaded. Currently working on this and is almost ready (bug-free).
• Regtests networks for Bitcoin do connect but do not synchronize blockchain, other than the currently live regtest of Tribler. Tried different regtests setups (1 2 3 4) and investigated different causes but no luck. The currently online regtest does seem to work and synchronize, but faucet seems to be broken. Will probably need access to (http://faucet.tribler.org/) (185.199.108.153) or 131.180.27.224 to enable/fix it or find a fix for my own regtest network. After this will be able to work further on donation tracking.
• First visit to the AFM office and some meetings with the supervisor. Crystallized some further thoughts on this DAO:
  • Currently not a lot of legislation for DAOs if official institutions (i.e. banks/brokers) are not handling the assets: all transactions could be considered as just P2P transactions. However, this will mainly depend on 2 parameters: level of enforcement through the code in DAO and what a artist giving out tokens promises (i.e. music, ROI, nothing, etc.).
• Created scripts for automatically "collecting" music on some Creative Commons sites and create .csv's of collection of music of EP's/albums, some of which are being seeded off a phone currently.

apk-debug.apk

[synctext]

• related work: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=web3
• Brian review of State-of-the-Web3 lab:
  • IPv8 excells at P2P communication
  • However, everybody needs "data storage"; no 1st class citizen support
  • Difficult to do a uniform primitive (EVA protocol is slow on Kotlin, some business use-cases require cheap bulk storage; low-latency {like 8x8 thumbnails serving after a Youtube query}, etc.)
  • decouple the MusicDAO from single monolith (investment,data,ID,Bitcoin,recommender, federated machine learning)
  • Unexplained lag for jlibtorrent. Audio streaming should be instantaneous with a dedicated tracker. Great for master thesis experimental work: graph with MusicDAO original and MusicDAO Brian edition time-to-first-play.
• MusicDAO is becoming usable for real music listening :clap: :confetti_ball: :clap:
  • ToDo for future sprint: get some Creative Commons classical music, to help a distinct audience
  • Upcoming sprint: BTC faucet and donations

[leonardusjoannes]

How to circumvent another Nobel prize winning theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incomplete_contracts

[synctext]

Related work to artist investment DAO Type	Dao	name
centralised	Molochdao
centralised	Gitcoin round 12
centralised	Optimism funding
centralised "Biometric Financial"	GovernorDAO Proof of Existence - Solved Sybil Resistance using no-KYC biometrics :rofl: :laughing: :rofl:
centralised	traditional VC investment of Billions. The DAO model only needs to grow a million times :astonished:

[brian2509]

Sprint Update

• Got access to tribler domain node for regest and fixed the server and faucet. Now working and online.
• Scraped more CC albums and added UI to auto publish large amounts of album meta-data from a formatted .csv
• More bug fixing; mainly in torrent logic/seeding
• Work on wallet functionality: syncing works, transactions viewable, faucet is working from UI
• Ability to send donations to other users through their (update-able) published bitcoin public key on the regtest. Also laid groundwork for proper book-keeping of these transactions on trustchain.
• Went to AFM a few times (intro-dag too); will set-up some appointments with people. Already met someone who is an expert and working on new crowdfunding laws on EU-level by ESMA.

apk-debug.apk

[synctext]

• Testing your app
• legal rules for crowdsourcing on 1 of my slides: https://github.com/Tribler/tribler/files/8369503/future_of_banking_v9.pdf
• Currently no testing, no code coverage, no quality assurance process: https://github.com/Tribler/trustchain-superapp/actions/workflows/build.yml
• Discussion of UUID purpose, beyond SHA1 as identity. Pollution,spam, duplicates is not in scope of thesis.
• Brian philosophy: user unaware of tech. No awareness of Bitcoin and or Bittorrent. Needs to move to background or completely disappear; because :ballot_box_with_check: works! :construction_worker:
• Thesis completion roadmap ???
  • MusicDAO: skeleton of Creative Commons Music Playsback (Tim thesis repair and improve)
  • FROST integration, but first stand-alone stability and feature "Minimal Viable DAO" system.
  • Before 13 April reproduce FROST and conduct review of their code
  • User enrolment - artist investor, FROST k-of-n wallets
  • Performance measurement, essential thesis graphs and scale to 1 million
  • repeating The single "artist investment collective" is central to the MusicDAO, they vote on investment proposals by artists
  • Document and DONE with THESIS :clap:
  • December 2022

[brian2509]

• Getting familiar with crypto primitives to understand taproot/schnorr signatures/threshhold-signature schemes / FROST more, lots of reading
• New laws are incoming on EU level (ESMA) (site) (report 2) for the crowdfunding model
• Slowly starting to get into scope what minimum-viable crowdfund DAO, contribution, and realistic scope could mean. In short 3 basic functionalities: enrollment, leaving and collective spending of funds. Here is one model that could be used using threshold-schemes.
  • (the following is from what I understand right now; details need to be worked out and checked)
  • Challenges are:
    • Ownership of financial assets rely on the security model of Bitcoin which has been extended by Taproot, but is still limited
    • Needs to scale to a large amount of users N; thresh-hold checks / voting should not be done "on-chain" (with non-participating nodes running a computation)
  • Collective funds will always be locked by shared private keys
  • Creation of a shared private key (distributed key generation) can be done off-chain through ipv8/trustchain (could be seen as layer 2) using FROST
    • Some parts are interactive process, however trust-chain can possibly be used to make interactiveness less strict of a requirement by storing messages for users
    • Message complexity needs to be investigated for large N
  • Spending collective funds requires signing procedure (done on ipv8/trustchain)
  • There is an implicit governance model. The control of 50% of public keys decide what happens with funds (given 50% thresh-hold scheme)
  • Choice needs to be made what a public key entails in this scheme, every choice has disadvantages and attacks however:
    • = user (1 person)-> most likely need use of SSI and most likely need some sort of minimum funding amount to avoid free-loading
    • = some amount of bitcoin (i.e. 0.01) -> we get a governance model where voting power is proportional to amount of funds someone deposited
    • = something else
  • There is a difference between an closed fund vs. open fund -> one-time batch creation of a shared key vs. the joining of users 1 by 1 (or possibly batched) and continuous creation of shared keys with accompanying re-locking of funds with new keys

Another route that I read about quite a bit is some sort of BisqDAO model with off-chain storage and execution of "smart-contracts" on ipv8/trust-chain with commitments of the smart-contract state to Bitcoin to prevent double-spending. Difficulty is that ownership model of Bitcoin is still limited.

[synctext]

• Focus: Minimal Viable DAO
  • Join model: n = m + 1. Only single operand is supported: 1 new user joins (or leaves, but that is optional non-MVP).
  • Each public key equals a single vote (governance keys)
  • Fixed voting threshold or fixed function (20 people, 2000, and 20 million WallStreetBets level of mass usage)
  • Fixed amount of Bitcoin to join
  • Single Artist Investment Fund
  • Not a Crowdsourcing Funding Provider, everything peer-to-peer. No platform. Nobody has any control or managerial authority or privileges.
  • Each join and leave equals a transaction. 1 Million real Bitcoin transactions to grow to 1 million users.
  • Ignore the scalability problem. We will create a Bitcoin2DAO for that. Sole purpose is to create Bitcoin2 network, new wallets, 10000x transaction rate and at intervals settle to Bitcoin1.
• Enhancements brainstorm:
  • Dynamic Digital Democracy. Problem is that the DAO could become dead when voter participation turns out to be low. Will only 30% of token holder vote or 51%? Bitcoin Script can track progression of time. If the MusicDAO is idle for over 6 months and nothing gets past the threshold its possible to trigger a correction. Possibly we need to pre-configure these keys and switch (1 vote after waiting 10 years, 10% after waiting for 3 years, 20% 2 years, 40% after 6 months, 51% wallet keys instant usable). Voting threshold gets lowered steadily and continiously down to a single voter to pass changes. We dont want to lock up Bitcoins indefinitely. Or do something smarter? We specifically will never implement a treasurer role which gets full access after 10 years, its should always remain P2P.
  • Dynamic participation. Alternative to a fixed amount of Bitcoin to participate. Any fraction possible.
  • Leave the DAO and return a fraction of the unspent coins. Actually hard. Could be implemented as a transaction which only requires your signature for funds below you current unspent coin threshold.
• usability??: infinite scroll of cover art, play next song when swiping?

[leonardusjoannes]

Leaving of the DOA or longer period of inactiveness: return funds to the initial investors. (at least as ambition), can the investors decide to "collectively" (t<n) leave the artist. Also investors might prefer to not use their voting right (cause they reley on the others, reputation from earlier investments)?

ps is there a "working definition of a DAO"?

[leonardusjoannes]

definition from coin desk (https://www.coindesk.com/learn/what-is-a-dao/) A decentralized autonomous organization, or DAO, is a blockchain-based form of organization or company that is often governed by a native crypto token. Anyone who purchases and holds these tokens gains the ability to vote on important matters directly related to the DAO. They typically use smart contracts in place of traditional corporate structures to coordinate the efforts and resources of many towards common aims. These are self-executing computer programs that carry out a particular function when certain conditions are met.

questions: Is a DLT/blockchain a prerequisite for a DAO? (or is it without just an autonomous piece of software?), read in the article the thought experiment on a driverless car) --> is the DLT only there for the onstopable aspect? Is voting a prerequisite? (can you have a DAO without voting? think so) I think a DAO is driven by "horizontal governance", where a traditional firm is by "vertical governance". The voting may lead to more vertical governance?(voting may help to circumvent/mitigate "contract incompleteness")

[leonardusjoannes]

Suppose you model the music, the proposals etc as an "NFT" alike tokens....how generic does the Music DAO get?

[brian2509]

• Had an absent week (sickness) so not as much progress as I would like to have
• Good questions above and we discussed them in person now as well
• Worked on reproducing FROST code of FROST team; basics seem to compile and work
  • Preferably want to work with newest code additions (https://github.com/jesseposner/secp256k1-zkp/tree/frost) due to current repo not being a proper fork of this repository above
• Currently reading through FROST paper but have not finished yet, reading up on again on crypto primitives as well (https://cryptobook.nakov.com/)
• Will work in kotlin-ipv8: extend library such that it can be used on top of ipv8-overlay network that can be used for peers to generate shared public/private keys and sign messages together with said keys. Can be used by other applications in the future and also for the current DAO protocol on Bitcoin. The rest of the DAO protocol essentially is enforced through collectively deciding what bitcoins transactions are created and what transactions to sign.
  • Work needs to be done in kotlin-ipv8
  • Qualitative tests (e2e-like) required in order to get confidence about workings
  • Quantitative tests/performance evaluation can be done by running ipv-8 nodes locally
• Have some notes about protocol on paper but rather messy due to still not understanding some parts, aiming to make document this week

[synctext]

Nice research idea! Generic "share key management" within IPv8, solid idea.

• Enable maintenance updates of smart contracts, instead of static Ethereum approach
• Blockchain height as a global clock and dynamic threshold voting. should work...
• Trustchain multi-party agreements, how to enrich with n-of-m Schnorr signatures? majority group agreement
• dataset which is great for collaborative AI inside your DAO, specifically your learn-to-rank dataset

[synctext]

intro suggestion: This thesis present technology for radically altering the business landscape of music. Other work is progressing on the creative side of music. For instance, music generated by AI is now approaching the level that it is refreshing to hear. Citation: "Jukebox: A Generative Model for Music" by OpenAI.

[brian2509]

• Some notes I've written down: https://brian2509.github.io/test-123213/.
• Currently working on getting this https://github.com/taurusgroup/multi-party-sig running in kotlin-ipv8 using https://github.com/golang/mobile. Most complete implementation of the protocol and working with Go gives much less difficulty compiling opposed to some other set-ups, am making progress, but having type conversion issuess. If this proves to be too difficult I will return back to the secp256k1-zkp version (which I had difficulties compiling with). List of other references can also be found in above notes site.

[synctext]

lets focus for 2 weeks on writing your master thesis core: 10-pages IEEE format with max. 6 figures. (14 figure example https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.00398.pdf) (15 figure example https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.11006.pdf) (EDIT: bachelor thesis new format for 2022: 1 cover page and IEEE format)

• University work: keep the science contribution central
• tip: skip intro for now, write that after the core content is there
• you determine the storyline, your thesis, suggestions. problem description:
  • DAO focus : future of the firm, https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=intitle%3Adao+~blockchain
  • https://rossdawson.com/futurist/companies-creating-future/top-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-dao/
  • https://a16z.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/principles-and-models-of-decentralization_miles-jennings_a16zcrypto.pdf
  • Music industry turning into a robot economy, middleman get replace with code. Roles and functions remain, just no humans are needed
  • dao without fake decentralisation
  • New organisational method for humanity to coordinate socio-economic activities. crowdsourcing at scale, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/re-envisioning-corporations-how-daos-and-blockchain-can-improve-the-way-we-organize/
  • Based on our technology stack and Bitcoin we devised a full end-to-end proof-of-principle of a DAO which is capable of 1) controlling money 2) democratic decision making and 3) continuous sustained self-evolution. https://dicg2020.github.io/papers/pouwelse.pdf
  • all of the above :-)
• related work: keep scientific, music industry or NFT speculation? Just mention MakerDAO and other failures. Max 1/2 page.
• Design chapter: previously it was about DAO in general. wallets, enrollment, shared keys. DAO voting and dynamic voting threshold (see above).
• implementation.
  • Only now we mention the music industry. New world-order within music industry: single architecture picture; zero-middleman fans, wallet, money, new creative works, sustained income, own-your-own-art, etc.
  • Implementation details: time locks, ipv8 networking, superapp, table of lines-of-code, MP3 playback lib
• cardinal result of your thesis: X-axis number of people in DAO, Y-axis resource usage on Android (processing time?). (keep it as simple as possible)
• deployment and field experiment
  • intro text for these 3 screenshots
  • screenshot google play store
  • catalog of music screenshot
  • send Bitcoin to artist screenshot

[brian2509]

• Writing based on last meeting discussions currently in the proper template
• Not all my text included yet, still insure how much is relevant

[synctext]

• https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-10-29-gartner-says-digitalization-will-make-most-heritage-financial-firms-irrelevant-by-2030
• Rowdy brainstorm (closely aligned): Self-regulating capitalism: the Delft experiments

The invention of the internet and recent advancement in
technology have led to the creation of big-tech companies
with enormous amount of power. These companies are
able to scale to sizes previously deemed impossible and
provide services to billions of people. The concentration
of this authority is vulnerable to well-known drawbacks
of centralization, including the emergence of monopolies,
corruption, and other activities motivated by profit-seeking
rather than by acting in the interest of the greater good.
Society suffers from this and normal people do not have the
ability to influence these organizations.

Shorter and to introduction.

• if you explain something in over 3 lines, its a tutorial. That does not belong in a scientific article of this msc thesis format.
• Example: All existing DAOs are nothing more than coordination websites. Transactions are executed by dedicated private servers. Permissionless blockchains are only used in marketing material or to fixate some hashes. Decentralisation is never implemented, only discussed within their Twitter echo chambers, and chatrooms filled with speculation, greed and fraud. {or more friendly scientific msc thesis text}.
• DAO resources by Andrew from lab
• reusage of existing scientific work
• Latest brainfart: not a collective decision trail. We conducted a field trail with real money, real artists, real artist investments, and actual investment yield for investors. We now present results of how 10 early investors transferred their Bitcoin to the DAO wallet. We joined this DAO and doubled their money.

This sprint: focus only on the shared wallet graph for Segwit, later add frost into the same graph. Core results of your DAO science. 1 section + 1 graph.

[synctext]

{excellent material to discuss inside intro and problem description: 'we demonstrate decentralised control of money is possible, something others deemed to be impossible. Growth and adaption are the first-principles of a true DAO. Due to contract incompleteness it is required to support continuous human steering and oversight. Experience will show if long-enduring DAO structures are possible within our socio-economic practices.'} "DeFi decentralisation illusion" quote in Bank of International Settlement report on CBDC and 'the future monetary system'. Other BIS report: "DeFi risks and the decentralisation illusion" :

But full decentralisation in DeFi is illusory. A key tenet of economic analysis is
that enterprises are unable to devise contracts that cover all possible eventualities,
eg in terms of interactions with staff or suppliers. Centralisation allows firms to deal
with this “contract incompleteness” (Coase (1937) and Grossman and Hart (1986)). In
DeFi, the equivalent concept is “algorithm incompleteness”, whereby it is impossible
to write code spelling out what actions to take in all contingencies. 
This first-principles argument has crucial practical implications.
[...]
The decentralised nature of DeFi raises the question of how to implement any
policy provisions. We argue that full decentralisation in DeFi is an illusion. And indeed,
platforms have groups of stakeholders that take and implement decisions, exercising
managerial or ownership benefits. These groups, and the governance protocols on
which their interactions are based, are the natural entry points for policymakers. These
entry points should allow public authorities to contain DeFi-related issues before this
ecosystem attains systemic importance.

[leonardusjoannes]

Full decentralisation an illusion, may be if humans get in the value chain or if you try to do realise it in one go. Technology/infrastructure wise full decentralisation should be the dot on the horizon, decentral foundation and experiment.

with that infrastructure aspects like self governance can be experimented with. Terms alike self rule, self governance, self regulation should be in line with a higher ambition, what ever that may be or: fair and transparant sharing of wealth and resources (or is that soft) How to enforce the governance, regulation or whatever: external supervision (sounds like centralisation or can this be done in a different way?), compliance by design (contract incompleteness), game theory (may also suffer from contract incompleteness).

just to take the challenge more apart Decentral Autonomous Accountable Service

• Accountable --> verifiable compliance by design. (fair & transparent distribution of resources and wealth)
• Autonomous services takes care of being/staying compliant. (Whatever descision taken, it should be enforceable/verifiable)
• Decentral there is no central leadership or owner and the service, the user community governs and owns the service (fair & transparent distribution of resources and wealth).

The new nature of the firm, not knowing how this new firm should look like, not yet. It is highly likely a transition from vertical to horizontal-> decentral. May be a goal: fair distribution of resources and wealth? And start with a service instead of a whole organisation (semantics). Experiments needed, and an infrastructure supporting the decental approach! on top of that the autonomous, accountable service can be build. (buzzwoerd bingo)

[brian2509]

Current sprint meeting pdf

[synctext]

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO) are a new
form of organization which are both decentralized and autonomous.

Introduction start a bit slow, skip all the prior text and just start with the above. Faster & sharper.

• More intro source material: https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-nottingham-avoiding-internet-centralization-00.html
• Just point to others and re-use their definitions and storyline, like what is a DAO? Common good angle
• Global consensus in a distributed system is astronomically costly
  • you lose the ability to scale horizontally
  • turns out, you never really need global consensus.
  • All you need is a magical function which decide who you trust (you can provide list of friends or friends-of-friends as input)
• "We now propose an architecture for the DAO", lacks a motivation for Bitcoin dApp model, reject EVM. (just a few lines)
  • Our design principles are: radically decentralised, keep it simple, uncompromising non-custodian, one person one vote, simple threshold voting for self-governance, dApp model, future-proof evolution into a complex self-organising system
• Muti-sig app and proposal screen! taproot soft fork is in production we use taproot in our multi-sig voting code {remove the DAO discovery, just hard-code 1 DAO to rule them all}.

Upcoming sprint: just write the related work section + focus mostly on technical matters. Get the "DAO kernel" going. Possibly run a trail with 10 people in a workshop with real BTC :open_mouth: Goal: joint wallet with DAO participants, screen with investment in artist + artist payout screen. Experiment brainstorm: everybody joins DAO, 1 shared wallet, everybody selects an artist to invest in with collective DAO (fixated amount), finally a few artists join in and reward investors.

EDIT: just make the DAO as-simple-as-possible at first. Even to the point its almost not usable in real-life with real money. For instance: everybody who was accepted into the DAO has full control of all collective funds. For example, implement "auto-join" no voting on new members; just check if there is money in collective wallet and auto-approve that new member. Its up to later master students to create a governance, democracy, money management module! No need to take on that big task until December. Artist screen: share music, create wallet for donations/investments, show incoming funds, and pay back investor/fans

[brian2509]

Currently getting quite far along into the integration of the multi-sig and DAO parts in the application, hitting some roadblocks w/ trust-chain communication but should be fixable. Difficulty is in the non-modularity of the existing code base and difference in architecture in the application. The thresh-hold functionality seems to be just for looks (?) and only multi-sig is used. Possible solution is to use n-choose-m many m-of-m taproot transactions for multi-sig with the major advantage of being non-interactive. Otherwise will just be using multi-sig for the prototype. Brainstorm for later students: generic module/API to gossip and discover data objects in the network would be helpful. Would save lots of time if made in the beginning of your project.

Mu-sig1: https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/068.pdf, works with Schnorr signatures (BIP-340) which allow for linearity and key aggregation for small transaction sizes

Here a (what I think is) realistic summary of user stories for the final prototype: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1uAhTtuf1glue5MAFB9J-RDQPBdjpsEg3/view?usp=sharing

[synctext]

• Excellent news that the MusicDao is fixable. Not stuck on roadblocks! During master thesis you transformed the Tim student code into something that is actually usable
• Confident that multi-sig will work soon :tm: (e.g. Get the "DAO kernel" going)
• Multiple DAOs to select from are more work, but solves the dead-DAO and missing-single-signature showstopper
• New master thesis format is similar to bachelor thesis format with merely 1 page of front-matter, see example
• Secure communication with IPv8 + EVA is deeply analysed. Ongoing performance analysis by @ KoningR.
• MuSig2 exists :partying_face:
• (side track related work for TikTok-like For You Page) 2002 it was already know that content recommendation is hard: If TiVo Thinks You Are Gay, Here's How to Set It Straight
• Future Superapp Feature: Ipv8 + EVA needs to work with Trustchain, Brian idea above of generic binary blob discovery, download of arbitrary size, and fast multi-peer download for widely replicated blobs (e.g. Bittorrent / uTransfer). Simple Kotlin data object can be send to 'whole' network, put in Trustchain, or read from Trustchain. Data layer abstraction for (meta-)data without the complexity of DHT, as trivial-as-possible. Globally shared database exclusively for many small objects using gossip with protection against spam, pollution, and abuse in general (infinite growth, delete, or decay feature). (like Splash from 2010, but functional trust framework)
• Sprint focus: multi-sig!! (https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340.mediawiki)

EDIT: We apply our generic DAO design to the music industry. According to critics, this industry is ruled by monopolies, there is a societal need to unrig creative labor markets and get artists paid

[brian2509]

• Meeting with AFM supervisor on complete systems design with some new insights
  • Problem statement can be centered around on how to create a minimum viable DAO given the X constraints (zero-server architecture -> bitcoin, bittorrent, ipv8/trustchain, etc.).
  • Published albums are simply TrustChain blocks with a linked info-hash / meta-data -> can be seen as an NFT which can also be transferable to new owner.
  • Building further on that which would still be possible within the limitations: DAOs can collectively buy and take ownership of such an NFT.
  • Made a number of figures on the systems design/some additional flows which are added to draft .pdf.
  • Preparations in the make for a meeting with a number of government(like) agencies interested in DAOs
• Further worked on the implementation: difficulties with emulator and threading problems in the app, everything is designed around the user being frozen for the time that signatures are collected which leads to race condition bugs, needs more fixing.
  • Current version in an .apk

[synctext]

• Hidden centralisation of nearly everything, see email. The protocol is fully decentralised, yet monopoly driven.
• Problem Description:
• .APK: "atomic swap" naming???
• "Create DAO", IT WORKS :smile: :smile: :smile: :confetti_ball: :smile: :smile: :smile:
• 
• Debug mode: always show how many peers you are seeing in DAO tab. "online: X"
• Achieved milestone: no need for new stuff, get working, multi-sig, document, DONE.
• Lots of quality of life improvements:
  • Uploads only from "creator" tab, remove from frontpage
  • play button is unclear
  • remove artists tab
  • only local search (for future students to expand)!
  • merge local search into home screen (clickable search icon) (selected 23 albums from 543)
  • Home screen: "discovered 543 albums; 5 peers"
  • Home screen: back button goes back into superapp
• {repeating from 15 June}you determine the storyline, your thesis, suggestions. problem description:
  • DAO focus : future of the firm, https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=intitle%3Adao+~blockchain
  • https://rossdawson.com/futurist/companies-creating-future/top-decentralized-autonomous-organizations-dao/
  • https://a16z.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/principles-and-models-of-decentralization_miles-jennings_a16zcrypto.pdf
  • Music industry turning into a robot economy, middleman get replace with code. Roles and functions remain, just no humans are needed
  • dao without fake decentralisation
  • New organisational method for humanity to coordinate socio-economic activities. crowdsourcing at scale, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/02/re-envisioning-corporations-how-daos-and-blockchain-can-improve-the-way-we-organize/
  • Based on our technology stack and Bitcoin we devised a full end-to-end proof-of-principle of a DAO which is capable of 1) controlling money 2) democratic decision making and 3) continuous sustained self-evolution. https://dicg2020.github.io/papers/pouwelse.pdf
  • all of the above :-)
• Example of Problem Description direction: Real DAOs only exist in theory. Every technology claiming to be a DAO has central points of control and critically relies on central servers. Bitcoin and Bittorrent are the only examples of technology stacks which are not reliant on central infrastructure. We even propose to make a zero-server architecture of a DAO which only consists of smartphones. The zero-server DAO does not use any cloud, server, or even PC technology. A zero-server DAO never interacts with any other device than another smartphone and relies on an egalitarian infrastructure. Numerous startups claim to offer a DAO with decentralisation. To date, all DAOs are still centralised to some extend[MANY REFS or TABLE]. We directly address the problem of such fake decentralisation. [BR] The problem is to actually engineer what has been dubbed the future of the firm. The challenge is to incrementally realise a new organisational method to coordinate socio-economic activities. In theory a true DAO will be more efficient than a traditional company, replace middleman with code, and scale beyond any work-from-home company operating on informal email exchanges. [BR] In principle, a DAO should be able to replace current Big Tech companies. This requires scalability beyond 1 billion contributing users. [BR] Irrefutable proof that a decentralised DAO is possible is the first near-term problem. Academic decentralisation within a viable and sustainable DAO represents a key milestone in Web3 evolution. We believe an as-simple-as-possible DAO with very basic governance, membership voting, and treasury management would be a key step forward.
• upcoming sprint: finish the core master thesis technical content: multi-sig and DAO
• please push to Github!

[brian2509]

inter-sprint update

• working on fixing async bugs in the multi-sig code: currently proposal creation logic freezes UI thread and does not recover on restart of application
• building on this -> working on a simple generic API to access data (self-signed TC blocks in network) with versioning of data
• this week further plans: beginning of presentation for the workshop, further work on above tasks to get the demo working apk

[brian2509]

sprint update

• working towards the final prototype: implemented most of the improvements mentioned above (home screen merge with search functionality, multiple debug messages indicating status of network, creation of releases is now all under one single creator tab, overall simplification of application for users with only 3 tabs now)
• still working on the dao mvp for the prototype and demo, now committed but not finished yet https://github.com/brian2509/trustchain-superapp/tree/musicdao_mvp, most of the complications come from the intertwined code-base still but progress is continuing
• did some more work for the presentation/demo of the workshop together with afm supervisor as welll .apk

[synctext]

• APK is working! Great quality of life improvements: real-time discovery and peer-awareness. Still need to do manual refresh of both content and DAO screen.
• Birth of the first unstoppable true decentralised DAO :partying_face: :skull_and_crossbones: :balloon: I manage to click-to-join!
• The Future of the Superapp code base. Lots of spaghetti code. Unfinished. Advice: force students to split the GUI from the backend/library. We then obtain reusable modules with desired functionality that can be maintained (ToDo: unit testing).
• Your MusicDAO is really starting to work. This is the first viable infrastructure to empower an unstoppable Web3 revolution. Unstoppable is essential, due to the existential threat posed to Big Tech. Their army of lawyers will try to control The Internet with more force than old Hollywood.
• Current Dev methodology is build, install and run APK, manually test, inspect the logs and ADB output. Some day we need to do continuous integration, unit testing, and module testing.
• NFT is a contaminated concept, please avoid at all cost to ensure your thesis is marked as beyond the hype. We are building serious infrastructure, not a hype NFT coin. "Digital Twin Transfer" :-)
• Created a "Dr. Doom" piece of audio with local recording. Published it the world! The .amr format uses a mere 17.13 KByte file for 10 seconds of audio, then seeds this in Libtorrent, adds it to the DHT, encode magnet link inside Trustchain block, gossip inside MusicCommunity of IPv8, and then everybody can see it. Confirmation, Uploaded Bytes inside "Torrent tab" of published album says 17126 Bytes uploaded. Should scale to 2 billion users of the socials. ToDo: fix spam, pollution, and misinformation.
• You created a decentralised social network for music!! It actually works.
• Goals for Real DAO test workshop, 17 Oct. Polish, test more, and finish join voting, and spending proposal voting. Fix faucet bug. Fix bootstrap reliability. Just 1 of 3 bootstrap (phones) active.
• ToDo: document that implementation is still multi-sig only, waiting for FROST to mature. Then it all should work with actual threshold signatures.
• Thesis has 6 pages now, not easy to write polished text.
• Background by Vitalik: please ensure you read and understand how he presents something unreadable about DAOs.

[brian2509]

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iyxxKNsQ_MmNGmQw_ey0Zglvk2oS58QR/view?usp=sharing

[leonardusjoannes]

[synctext]

• You MusicDAO work has now sufficient technical depth to write a master thesis about :tada:
• wrap up! expand the 6-page draft thesis
• Workshop afternoon is next week, photo of your "Field Trail Workshop User Testing Deployment Tests".
• Make your master photo for master thesis! Scene plan: shot across shoulder, hand holding screen, List of DAOs, sorted by amount of Treasury money, amounts readable. New code: make a scroll list like music with first 8 letters of key, treasury money (e.g. current balance), and members (click for zoom and details). Scientific grounding: this list and ranking of THE strongest induces group competition
• Was an excellent decisions to do the "many DAO" design instead of single DAO. Frictionless DAO creation, playing around, getting feedback that this works, friend invite, grow.
• Still need to do manual testing of DAO. Put proposal for next master thesis in your work. "How to emulate a 1 million people DAO?"

[brian2509]

Short-list of things I'm working for the last DAO version:

• Redo the DAO list screen to make it a proper list view
• Add validation to prevent bug where member does not allow anyone to join DAO
• Add small option button on DAO screen to sort on balance/members/date_created

Furthermore worked some more on the .pdf. Am having a hard time structuring the paper still, this version is messy. I hope to have a proper version which can be read more like a final version next week w/ related work/implementation/architecture done.

[synctext]

Copyright-free image, free to (re-)use. Workshop of the first true decentralised DAO deployment. Comment on your latest master thesis draft: - introduction; easy to digest as a blog post would be. Then switch to dense and more exact scientific language. Explained fake decentralisation already sufficiently in intro? - ```To date, all DAOs are still centralised to some extend``` add 6-12 sentences with centrality in ??MakerDAO, Uniswap, BitDAO. - Limit your scope in intro {suggestion}: 1) DAO==Cool, 2) fake decentralisation only, 3) proof-of-work limit with few mega miners + proof-of-stake centrality with a new elite. 4) we present the DAO breakthrough that humanity always needed, but never had /sarcasm. Nothing more; keep simple. - DAO == Cool: Billion of users already work together and consumer knowledge on Wikipedia. We imagine DAO technology to mature one day to empower alternatives for Big Tech. etc. - "problem description" - put something more clear and scientific in definition with _italics_. - We define a DAO as _a mechanism for economic activity by an unbounded group of people within an adversarial environment without any centrality in infrastructure, leadership or legality_." - "V. MUSIC DAO PROTOTYPE" - if it works with REAL Bitcoin, its not a prototype - Real Bitcoin transaction between 2 people, record in thesis - Thesis experiment with Bitcoins on real ledger with Taproot keys - Reference to Blockchain explorer as footnote? - performance analysis {ideas} - real code, real emulation on a single server - cmdline mode DAO !! - focus on graphs there - Join time for 2,3, 10k sizes DAO - Multi-Sig algorithm profiling 2,3, 10k ? - Future work: **Fix scalability** - Bitcoin becomes a candidate to empower the global financial system :astonished: :tada: :astonished: - Adress the main challenge: transactions per second - A Bitcoin DAO with multi-Sig + clearance and settlement engine - Magic solution: - Single Shared Bitcoin wallet - Potentially billions of people own this collective wallet money - Offer unlimited transaction speed inside this shared wallet - Avoid global consensus and UTXO with Trustchain - Single valid signature to transfer funds within collective wallet (block hiding attack, reputation against double spending, 51%, etc needed) - Special purpose DAO to manage this single collective wallet, a DAO-Bank. Offer free bank transfers, a traditional core banking service - Conduct clearance and settlement of transactions inside The-First-DAO-Bank - Not a ```Layer II```, not a side-chain; no smart contract; no governance token; its a full blown unstoppable _DAO Bank_. - thousands of real-time transactions, every 10 minutes the The-First-DAO-Bank conducts clearance and settlement to Bitcoin.

[leonardusjoannes]

DAO bank is almost alike a shadow admin of the bitcoin blockchain, leaving the DAO bank and conversion of DAO-bank-bitcoin to other value the moment of "truth" (where all your txn's honest txn's).
Sanity check (sum of all wallets) instead of consensus to avoid double spending ;).

[brian2509]

main.pdf

[synctext]

Reading your 6-page master thesis draft:

• Decentralization USA-spelling; Common to do Decentralisation == UK English
• "Proof-of-work and proof-of-stake blockchains, on which most DAOs run, suffer from centralisation problems.". More scientific: the root cause of the failure of contemporary DAOs to decentralise lies in the underlying blockchain. Proof-of-work and proof-of-stake have failed to scale, despite a full decade of attempts to boost transaction rates, without the loss of decentralisation.
• Factual inaccurate: "Prior to this, decentralized protocols such as BitTorrent and Wikipedia have enabled millions of individuals to collaborate in file sharing and information accumulation. " partly decentraliSed systems. Wikipedia is not a protocol, just a big website. You could include centralisation, group think, capture, and Wikipedia going rogue with 100+ million $ in donations.
• Easy sections: problem description, related work, DAO architecture, DAO implementation {with screenshots}, and experiments {or performance evaluation}.
• [X] Sections are not yet master-thesis ready. Suggestion: make a single "A simple DAO architecture". We present a generic and as simple as possible architecture for a DAO. We deliberately remove all unnecessary feature and complexity in order to provide a flexible and strong building block. Our building block represents a milestone within the evolution of actual DAO realisations: it is the first to achieve hyper decentralisation. {or other buzz word: extreme decentralisation, radical decentralisation; something with a positive connotation}.
  • "Digital Democracy Problem" replace all these mixed problems and principles with a list of components. Component: "voting mechanism using threshold signatures". text suggestion: Our minimal functional decomposition leads to the following five minimal components required.
  • "Decentralized data storage solution", local-first data storage. We deliberately avoid a global file system, storage master, and rely instead on local stored with zero external dependancies. Fully self-sovereign.
  • Figure 2 Architectural components of the Music DAO: these are all specific implementation technologies of a generic architecture. First generic, then Bittorrent and Bitcoin realisation figure.
  • No governance token needed.
• "VII. performance EVALUATION". Please add 2-4 measurement graphs as the core of your master thesis.
• Code fixes: it should all work smoothly.
  • quick DAO discovery, quick DAO join, voting proposals.
  • just mention explicitly what is "future work".
  • see above experimentation comments, Taproot details.

[brian2509]

main.pdf

[synctext]

• [ ] "[scharnowski2021bitcoin?]" citation in standard "[9]" format please.
• [ ] "this however brings us back to square one to VISA-like central systems"
• [ ] "In this paper, we present a new architecture for DAOs which is as decentralized as possible and scalable"
• [ ] "Academically pure decentralisation of a DAO represents a key milestone in Web3 evolution."
• [ ] Repeated in Problem Description: Academic decentralization within a viable and sustainable DAO represents a key milestone in Web3 evolution.
• [ ] "The objective of this work is to design, implement" unsolved problem in problem description, remove wordobjective. Use unsolved problem etc etc
• [ ] "A SIMPLE DAO ARCHITECTURE", use positive wording: generic or minimal
• [ ] "VII. MUSIC DAO", expand to: "MusicDAO: a true decentralised DAO"
• [ ] To architecture?!? Architectural Principles then components? 1) Zero-server infrastructure 2) no inferior re-invention of Bitcoin
  • No governance token; 1-person 1-vote [cite paper]
  • No platform specific token for financial value transfer
  • No new treasury, re-use of reliable Bitcoin multisig tech. 4) Permission-less 5) Every peer in network equal (ideally no federation)
• [ ] {repeating} "VII. performance EVALUATION". Please add 2-4 measurement graphs as the core of your master thesis.
  • ideas: multiple phones, measure, join time, plot
  • Tweakers lauch and count comments for Master thesis table "user eval" positive/negative?

[synctext]

• Lets go for faster path towards official green light!
  • "based on: (select all that apply)" "other: " Internet-deployed prototype of Decentralised Autonomous Organisation
  • "The student is able to present and defend the research project." thesis work presented to ECB and AFM.
• with hard work, your thesis can be finished writing in 1 sprint. Leave detailed experiment for later.
• Discussed: browser-based P2P with socket puncturing rendezvous servers and JavaScript hosting servers.
  • opens the pathway towards mature FROST browser libraries
  • kills the idea: browser will never reach the TikTok usability and community reach. With TikTok its impossible to "get stuck", so no need to call a helpdesk :smile_cat:
• Note that with 37 minutes of waiting time you can do FROST