Bug Hunt

[trevorcampbell]

Handles various minor issues introduced in the latest major round of revision.

• closes #324
• closes #325
• closes #332
• closes #333
• closes #334
• closes #331
• closes #336
• closes #335
• closes #322
• closes #327
• closes #328
• closes #329
• closes #330
• closes #326
• remove lots of whitespace in jupyter chapter figures
• copy in all the illustrator sources
• import relevant fixes from the R bug hunt

See also https://github.com/UBC-DSCI/introduction-to-datascience/pull/574

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