Add labeled outlier dataframe output capability

[d33bs]

Description

This PR adds capabilities to output a full dataframe with scores and a column indicating whether threshold(s) pass for rows of the provided dataframe. Along the way I found I need to further modularize the work and increase typing / documentation throughout. I also took a chance to increase testing overall with a "basic" / simulated dataset + parquet-based output (which would otherwise be many lines of data within a Python file) to help increase our testing coverage and make changes more visible.

Thanks for any feedback you may have!

Closes #10

What kind of change(s) are included?

• [x] Feature (adds or updates new capabilities)
• [ ] Bug fix (fixes an issue).
• [ ] Enhancement (adds functionality).
• [ ] Breaking change (these changes would cause existing functionality to not work as expected).

Checklist

Please ensure that all boxes are checked before indicating that this pull request is ready for review.

• [x] I have read and followed the CONTRIBUTING.md guidelines.
• [x] I have searched for existing content to ensure this is not a duplicate.
• [x] I have performed a self-review of these additions (including spelling, grammar, and related).
• [x] These changes pass all pre-commit checks.
• [x] I have added comments to my code to help provide understanding
• [x] I have added a test which covers the code changes found within this PR
• [x] I have deleted all non-relevant text in this pull request template.

[d33bs]

Thanks @jenna-tomkinson for the review! I've replied to your comments and also applied the suggestion (thanks!). When you're able, could I ask for a revisit on the open comments to ensure everything's good (I'll also re-request review)? Thanks!

[d33bs]

Thanks @jenna-tomkinson ! I made some changes to reflect the default you mentioned and noticed a minor need to reconfigure label_outliers. I also noticed Python 3.8 was included with tests, but not in the minimum version specification so I removed this from tests. Merging this in.

[d33bs]

Another note: Python 3.9 on Ubuntu 22.04 appeared to have issues in GitHub Actions so I cancelled this. All other tests succeeded, and all tests (including 3.9 on Ubuntu 22.04) succeeded in a prior commit. I expect these all to pass on merge to main.