self determination theory 自我决定论

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1. Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being." American psychologist 55.1 (2000): 68. 这是自我决定理论里程碑式的一篇文章，自2000年发表以来在Google Scholar上的引用次数已经超过10000次，文章概述了外在奖励的负面影响、人类动机的分类、基本心理需求理论以及在教育、运动、组织行为等各方面的应用。文章没有复杂的统计模型，不需要专业知识即可读懂，是了解这个伟大的理论最好的一篇文章。

2. Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. "On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being."Annual review of psychology 52.1 (2001): 141-166. 这是在幸福研究领域非常关键的一篇文章，同样出自Ryan和Deci教授之手，这篇文章第一次系统地回顾了心理学界对幸福的研究进程，并将享乐主义（指感官上的舒适）和实现论(指人类潜能的实现)做了明确的区分。如果有同学对“什么是幸福”这样的问题感兴趣，这篇文章值得一读。

3. Kasser, Tim, and Richard M. Ryan. "A dark side of the American dream: correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration." Journal of personality and social psychology 65.2 (1993): 410. 这篇文章关注的是目标追求与幸福感，也是这一领域相关研究的经典文章。研究发现人们长期追求的目标总体来说可以分为两类：外在目标（如金钱、地位、容貌）和内在目标（个人成长、温暖的人际关系、对社会的贡献），将外在目标看得越重要的人会更加不幸福，并且更容易出现焦虑和抑郁等心理疾病，而将内在目标看得越重要的人则在幸福感、积极情绪等指标上显著高于追求外在目标的人。这个结论在后续的研究中又得到了反复的验证，是心理学上一个稳健的研究结论。

4. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 57(6), 1069. 这篇文章来自威斯康星麦迪逊分校的Ryff教授，她系统地提出了与传统的享乐主义（指积极的情绪体验、并有较高的生活满意度）不同的psychological well-being的概念，强调了与吃喝玩乐不同的生命体验。其中self-acceptance我已经在文章中提到，另外autonomy, warm relationship, personal growth, environmental mastery, purpose in life这5个维度也很好地描述了完备的人格所需具备的重要素质。欣赏亚里士多德的实现论(eudaimonia)观点的同学可以参考此文。

5. Pink, Daniel H. Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us. Penguin, 2011. 这是关于自我决定理论的非学术著作，Dan Pink用他优美的文字向我们诠释了新时代的I型动机（Intrinsic Motivation）在商业管理上的应用。很高兴这本书有对应的中文译本《驱动力：在奖励与惩罚已全然失效的当下，如何焕发人的热情》，想快速了解SDT的同学这本书不容错过哦。

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术语卡

Self-Determination Theory 自我决定论

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人名卡

Richard M. Ryan Edward L. Deci

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https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/self-determination-theory/

3 Basic Psychological Needs The hypothesis is that people have three basic psychological needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy. self-determination theory three needs competence autonomy relatedness

1. First, the need for competence means the desire to control and master the environment and outcome. We want to know how things will turn out and what the results are of our actions.
2. Second, the need for relatedness deals with the desire to “interact with, be connected to, and experience caring for other people”. Our actions and daily activities involve other people and through this, we seek the feeling of belongingness.
3. Thirdly, the need for autonomy concerns with the urge to be causal agents and to act in harmony with our integrated self. Deci and Ryan stated that to be autonomous does not mean to be independent. It means having a sense of free will when doing something or acting out of our own interests and values.