[ECO-4999] Preparing for use with Xcode 16

[maratal]

Closes #1977

Preparing library for use with Xcode 16 (but not exclusevly switching to it yet).

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Bug Fixes
  • Improved error handling in the encoding process to prevent operations on invalid data types.
  • Enhanced type safety during decoding to avoid runtime errors related to data type mismatches.
• New Features
  • Added string representation capabilities for various types, improving debugging and logging.
  • Introduced conditional compilation for RealtimeClientChannels and RestChannels to support retroactive behavior based on feature availability.
  • Updated testing configurations to align with the latest iOS and tvOS versions (iOS 18.0 and tvOS 18.0).
  • Enhanced CI/CD workflows to utilize newer macOS and Xcode versions for improved build processes.

[coderabbitai[bot]]

Walkthrough

The changes made in the ARTDataEncoder.m file enhance error handling and type safety in encoding and decoding processes. A new check is introduced to handle cases where the encoded variable is nil, ensuring an appropriate error message is returned. Additionally, the conditions for processing data with "vcdiff" encoding are refined to verify that the data is of the expected type before applying the codec. Extensions in TestUtilities.swift, RealtimeClientChannelsTests.swift, and RestClientChannelsTests.swift implement conditional compilation based on the RetroactiveAttribute feature. Workflow files have been updated to reflect new macOS and Xcode versions.

Changes

Files	Change Summary
Source/ARTDataEncoder.m	Added error handling for nil input in encode: method and refined type checks in decode:identifier:encoding: method.
Test/Test Utilities/TestUtilities.swift	Added extensions for various types to conform to CustomStringConvertible, enhancing string representation.
Test/Tests/RealtimeClientChannelsTests.swift	Introduced conditional compilation for ARTRealtimeChannels to conform to @retroactive Sequence when available.
Test/Tests/RestClientChannelsTests.swift	Modified ARTRestChannels extension for conditional compilation to conform to @retroactive Sequence when available.
.github/workflows/*.yaml	Updated workflows to use macOS 14 and Xcode 16, along with adjustments in output paths for testing.
fastlane/Fastfile	Updated testing configurations to reflect new iOS 18.0 and tvOS 18.0 versions.

Assessment against linked issues

Objective	Addressed	Explanation
Prepare for Xcode 16 compatibility (#1977)	✅

Possibly related PRs

• 1963: The changes in the main PR regarding error handling in the encode: and decode:identifier:encoding: methods may relate to the modifications in the ARTDevicePushDetails and ARTDeviceDetails classes, as they both involve handling data types and improving robustness in the context of device management and push notifications.

Poem

In the code, a rabbit hops,
Fixing bugs, it never stops.
With checks in place, oh what a sight,
Encoding safely, day and night!
Errors handled, all is well,
In the forest of code, we dwell! 🐇✨

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