Exceptions can use up large amounts of memory

[furbrain]

If an exception occurs in a task which is not the "main task", the exception is stored in a global variable: _exc_context in core.py. This is then passed to call_exception_handler. The exception contains the full traceback at the point of error - which includes references to multiple objects at the time of the error. These objects cannot then be garbage collected until the next exception occurs and _exc_context is overwritten. In complex programs this can cause large amounts of memory to be used

[furbrain]

Example code:

import gc
import asyncio

def show_mem(text: str):
    gc.collect()
    print(f"{text} mem: {gc.mem_alloc()}")

async def crashing_routine(obj):
    print(f"object is {len(obj)}")
    show_mem("Before crash")
    await asyncio.sleep(0.5)
    raise RuntimeError("Crash")

async def main():
    show_mem("Before large_object creation")
    big_object = bytearray(8000)
    show_mem("After large_object creation")
    asyncio.create_task(crashing_routine(big_object))
    await asyncio.sleep(2)

show_mem("Before running")
asyncio.run(main())
show_mem("after crash")
asyncio.run(main())
show_mem("after second run")

Output:

code.py output:
Before running mem: 3952
Before large_object creation mem: 4096
After large_object creation mem: 12112
object is 8000
Before crash mem: 12208
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "asyncio/core.py", line 246, in run_until_complete
  File "code.py", line 13, in crashing_routine
RuntimeError: Crash
after crash mem: 12304
Before large_object creation mem: 12432
After large_object creation mem: 20448
object is 8000
Before crash mem: 20544
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "asyncio/core.py", line 246, in run_until_complete
  File "code.py", line 13, in crashing_routine
RuntimeError: Crash
after second run mem: 12304

Code done running.

As you can see after crash mem still has 8k of memory assigned for big_object, even though it is no longer in scope. If we try to re-run the code then memory usage goes up to 20k - we have two instances of big_object in memory which could cause memory issues

[furbrain]

I think this could be fixed by simply generating a context dict on the fly before calling call_exception_handler - but is there a reason why there is a global variable there?

[dhalbert]

If you have the inclination to try your hypothesis, and it works, a PR would be welcome. Nearly all the code in this library is copied from the MicroPython asyncio implementation: https://github.com/micropython/micropython/tree/master/extmod/asyncio. It's worth checking the latest version of that to see if it's changed.

[furbrain]

No new changes in the micropython version. I'll submit a PR shortly. Is it worth submitting the same issue in the micropython repo?

[dhalbert]

I don't know if their traceback handling is as extensive as ours, but it sounds like a good idea!

[furbrain]

There's actually a fair bit of context held in the event loop, so I've just made it so that creating a new event loop clears all the previous references. I was also wondering if it was a deliberate decision to have a global _exc_context so that there weren't issues with creating a new object when memory might be tight

[dhalbert]

The intention is that only one event loop is supported, so maybe it was just a shortcut? I think you could ask this question in discussions (or make an issue) in the MicroPython rep. There is also an #asyncio channel in their discord.

[dhalbert]

OK, I looked at the code, and see what I said is overly obvious :) . Also I looked back at the blame history, and there's no churn in new_event_loop(): it is just as it was when new.