QFedAvg Loss Unitialized Error

[smoser82]

Hello, I am trying to use the qffedavg strategy and getting "NameError: free variable 'loss' referenced before assignment in enclosing scope." I think the problem is that I did not specify an evaluation function as a parameter so the loss variable is not initialized before it is called later in the program. If I understand right, then if the loss really is necessary for q-FedAvg the evaluation function parameter should not be optional. Otherwise, the for loop after the line where loss is supposed to be initialized (line 185) should first check that loss is not None.

Also, from the paper, I think the correct name of the algorithm is qFedAvg not qFFedAvg as the strategy is named here.

Is there an example for the evaluation function?

Server code:

import flwr as fl
from flwr.server import Server, SimpleClientManager

def main():
    strategy = fl.server.strategy.QffedAvg(min_available_clients=2)

    myServer = Server(client_manager = SimpleClientManager(), strategy=strategy)

    fl.server.start_server(server_address= "localhost:8080", server = myServer, config={"num_rounds": 5})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Error message produced:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\wishi\OneDrive - University of Kentucky\FLCode\Organized_Pytorch\DataDistributions\centralizedDist\trimmedServer.py", line 12, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:\Users\wishi\OneDrive - University of Kentucky\FLCode\Organized_Pytorch\DataDistributions\centralizedDist\trimmedServer.py", line 9, in main
    fl.server.start_server(server_address= "localhost:8080", server = myServer, config={"num_rounds": 5})
  File "C:\Users\wishi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flwr\server\app.py", line 79, in start_server
    _fl(server=initialized_server, config=initialized_config)
  File "C:\Users\wishi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flwr\server\app.py", line 108, in _fl
    hist = server.fit(num_rounds=config["num_rounds"])
  File "C:\Users\wishi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flwr\server\server.py", line 92, in fit
    weights_prime = self.fit_round(rnd=current_round)
  File "C:\Users\wishi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flwr\server\server.py", line 181, in fit_round
    return self.strategy.aggregate_fit(rnd, results, failures)
  File "C:\Users\wishi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flwr\server\strategy\qffedavg.py", line 193, in aggregate_fit
    [np.float_power(loss + 1e-10, self.q_param) * grad for grad in grads]
  File "C:\Users\wishi\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\flwr\server\strategy\qffedavg.py", line 193, in <listcomp>
    [np.float_power(loss + 1e-10, self.q_param) * grad for grad in grads]
NameError: free variable 'loss' referenced before assignment in enclosing scope

[danieljanes]

Hi @smoser82 , thanks a lot for the detailed report!

We do have an example for the evaluation function in the Advanced TensorFlow Example (https://github.com/adap/flower/tree/main/examples/advanced_tensorflow, and a few more in deprecated parts of the codebase under src/py/flwr_example and src/py/flwr_experimental, but those will be removed eventually).

The gist is to hand a function to the strategy that takes model parameters and return the evaluation result:

def main() -> None:
    # Create strategy
    strategy = fl.server.strategy.FedAvg(
        fraction_fit=0.3,
        fraction_eval=0.2,
        min_fit_clients=3,
        min_eval_clients=2,
        min_available_clients=10,
        eval_fn=get_eval_fn(),
        on_fit_config_fn=fit_config,
        on_evaluate_config_fn=evaluate_config,
    )
    # Start Flower server for four rounds of federated learning
    fl.server.start_server("[::]:8080", config={"num_rounds": 4}, strategy=strategy)

def get_eval_fn():
    """Return an evaluation function for server-side evaluation."""

    # Load data and model here to avoid the overhead of doing it in `evaluate` itself
    (x_train, y_train), _ = tf.keras.datasets.cifar10.load_data()

    # Use the last 5k training examples as a validation set
    x_val, y_val = x_train[45000:50000], y_train[45000:50000]

    # Load and compile model
    model = tf.keras.applications.EfficientNetB0(
        input_shape=(32, 32, 3), weights=None, classes=10
    )
    model.compile("adam", "sparse_categorical_crossentropy", metrics=["accuracy"])

    # The `evaluate` function will be called after every round
    def evaluate(weights: fl.common.Weights) -> Optional[Tuple[float, float]]:
        model.set_weights(weights)  # Update model with the latest parameters
        loss, accuracy = model.evaluate(x_val, y_val)
        return loss, accuracy

    return evaluate

Does this solve your issue?

I'll take a look at the paper and talk to the original author of this strategy to learn more about the naming and the issue with the optional nature of the evaluation function.

[smoser82]

That's a very helpful example, thank you. I think it's working now!

[danieljanes]

The renaming just got merged into main and will become available in tomorrow's Flower nightly release (and the full 0.17 a little later) - thanks again for pointing this out @smoser82 !