[CLIENT-3106] aerospike.exception: create a Python dict that maps as_status error codes to Aerospike exception classes to speed up raising exceptions

[juliannguyen4]

Missing test coverage:

• Exception for error code returned by the C client was not found, so use AerospikeError as the default exception

Extra changes:

• Remove unused header file exception_types.h
• in_doubt attribute is now included with all exception classes by default, instead of only when the client raises an AerospikeError
• Fix bug when operate() throws an exception and deletes the "bin" attribute from the exception class
• Only support one aerospike module per interpreter // TODO change?

TODO

• Skipped client/info.c. needs code coverage and code might be wrong

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 71.87500% with 45 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.95%. Comparing base (ca2f4be) to head (358ca5f). Report is 4 commits behind head on dev.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/main/exception.c	70.19%	31 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/info.c	33.33%	6 Missing :warning:
src/main/query/where.c	0.00%	3 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/sec_index.c	50.00%	2 Missing :warning:
src/main/scan/apply.c	0.00%	2 Missing :warning:
src/main/client/batch_get_ops.c	0.00%	1 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## dev #663 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 80.89% 80.95% +0.06% ========================================== Files 102 102 Lines 15186 15014 -172 ========================================== - Hits 12285 12155 -130 + Misses 2901 2859 -42 ```

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