TCP/IP layers

[Frankenstei]

It is expedient that we attempt to explain what happens when we type google.com and click enter in terms of the TCIP/IP model.

The five layers in this model includes

1. Application layer
2. Transport layer
3. Internet layer
4. Data link layer
5. Physical layer

When the user types google.com into their Web browser and presses enter, the user has just begun their communication at the application layer of the TCP/IP model

1. The application layer is where the HTTP and DNS request are processed, the session is also created in this layer
2. The transport layer ensures end to end connectivity between the user's end device and the server. Protocols like UDP (user datagram protocol) and HTTP operate at this level.
3. Internet layer is where the ARP requests and responses takes place, where the communication between the MAC addresses and the IP address of the devices along the path between the user's end device and the server takes place.
4. The data link and physical layer help deliver the request to the physical hardware the actual Google server is located.

[Mado007]

Explanation of the TCP/IP Model Layers in Web Browsing Process

In this explanation, we will walk through the process of typing "google.com" into a web browser and pressing enter, using the TCP/IP model's five layers as a framework.

1. Application Layer:

• The communication begins at the application layer when the user types "google.com" and hits enter.
• At this layer, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name System) requests are processed.
• A session is created to maintain the state of the connection.

2. Transport Layer:

• The transport layer ensures end-to-end connectivity between the user's device and the server.
• It manages the reliable or unreliable delivery of data packets.
• Protocols like UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and HTTP operate at this level.

3. Internet Layer:

• The internet layer is responsible for routing data packets between devices by using IP addresses.
• ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) requests and responses may occur to map IP addresses to MAC (Media Access Control) addresses.
• It plays a vital role in data routing across networks.

4. Data Link Layer:

• The data link layer is responsible for delivering data packets to the physical hardware where the Google server is located.
• It handles addressing and framing of data for local network transmission.
• Protocols like Ethernet and Wi-Fi operate at this layer.

5. Physical Layer:

• The physical layer deals with the actual hardware and transmission media used for data transmission.
• It includes physical characteristics like cables, switches, routers, and transmission mediums (e.g., copper cables, optical fibers, wireless signals).
• Ensures the correct transmission of electrical or optical signals representing data.

This breakdown demonstrates how the TCP/IP model helps in understanding the step-by-step process of initiating a web request, from the user's input to the delivery of data to the Google server and back.

• 882 a solution on Issue by Mahmoud Eid.