Update bundled curl to 7.83.1

[sagebind]

This version contains patches for six new CVEs just published:

• CVE-2022-27778: curl removes wrong file on error
• CVE-2022-27779: cookie for trailing dot TLD
• CVE-2022-27780: percent-encoded path separator in URL host
• CVE-2022-27781: CERTINFO never-ending busy-loop
• CVE-2022-27782: TLS and SSH connection too eager reuse
• CVE-2022-30115: HSTS bypass via trailing dot