术语：必要难度（Desirable Difficulty）

[alissli]

Ref:

• Robert Bjork
• page of bjork
• Desirable Difficulties: If at First You Don’t Succeed…You May Have Learned More than You Thought
• Memory Exercises with Surprising Benefits
• 5 Study Skills to Accelerate Your Learning
• Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping
• A Study Strategy for all Occasions: Test your Memory

[alissli]

Desirable Difficulties

[alissli]

-Erroneous Examples as Desirable Difficulty

[alissli]

术语卡

• 术语：必要难度理论（Desirable Difficulty)
• 印象：必要难度1994年由比约克在Instituational Impediments to Effective Training. Learning, remembering , believingz: Enhancing human performance中提出，它指的是一种_task，这个任务requires a considerable but desirable amount of _, thereby improving ____ performance.
• 例子：必要难度理论的例子有提取练习（retrieval practice）、延时反馈（Delayed feedback）、交错学习与间隔学习（Spacing and interleaving）和综合技术（3R，Read/Recite/Review)。Retrieval practice可以使用Flashcard.
• 出处：wiki

行动卡

• 行动1：利用部落学习的书籍，每周以产品、通识、作家三本书为材料，采用交错学习与交错学习的策略写卡片，并每周利用所写卡片写读书笔记。
• 行动2：6小时提取的难度过大，采用初中政治老师的做法。抄写原内容，留下若干空白，6小时后填写完整。比如上述术语卡。