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6 years ago 术语卡
- 术语：Dunbar's number
- 印象： Dunbar's number is a suggested cognitive limit to the number of people with whom one can maintain stable social relationships—relationships in which an individual knows who each person is and how each person relates to every other person. 邓巴数字是一个建议的维持稳定社会关系的人群的数量的认知限制，在这种社会关系中，个人之间彼此认识，并每个人与其他人如何相关。 This number was first proposed in the 1990s by British anthropologist Robin Dunbar, who found a correlation between primate brain size and average social group size. By using the average human brain size and extrapolating from the results of primates, he proposed that humans can comfortably maintain only 150 stable relationships. Dunbar explained it informally as "the number of people you would not feel embarrassed about joining uninvited for a drink if you happened to bump into them in a bar". 这个数字由英国人类学家罗宾·邓巴在上世纪90年代提出，他发现了灵长类动物大脑尺寸与平均社会团体大小的关联。通过使用平均的人类大脑尺寸和从灵长类结果的推算，他提出假设人类能舒适地维持稳定关系数为150.邓巴曾非正式地解释它为「如果你偶然冲进一间酒吧，未经邀请就加入饮酒人群也不会感到的尴尬的人数」。
Proponents assert that numbers larger than this generally require more restrictive rules, laws, and enforced norms to maintain a stable, cohesive group. It has been proposed to lie between 100 and 250, with a commonly used value of 150. Dunbar's number states the number of people one knows and keeps social contact with, and it does not include the number of people known personally with a ceased social relationship, nor people just generally known with a lack of persistent social relationship, a number which might be much higher and likely depends on long-term memory size. 支持者声称比这更大的数字需要更多严格的规则、法律以及加强的标准来维持一个稳定的、紧密结合的组织。它被提出的时候是100到250之间，通常使用150表示。。邓巴数字声称地是认识并且保持社会交往的人的数量，且它既不包括已经终止社会关系仅知道的人的数量，也不是仅仅一般认识缺少持续社交关系的人，一个数字可能略高并且很可能取决于长时记忆的尺度。
Dunbar theorized that "this limit is a direct function of relative neocortex size, and that this in turn limits group size [...] the limit imposed by neocortical processing capacity is simply on the number of individuals with whom a stable inter-personal relationship can be maintained".
邓巴推测「这个限制是相应的新皮质层尺寸的直接作用，并且它反过来限制了组织大小」，由新脑皮层过程能力导致的限制简单地反映在个人能维持的人际交往关系数量上。
Philip Lieberman argues that since band societies of approximately 30–50 people are bounded by nutritional limitations to what group sizes can be fed without at least rudimentary agriculture, big human brains consuming more nutrients than ape brains, group sizes of approximately 150 cannot have been selected for in paleolithic humans.[18] Brains much smaller than human or even mammalian brains are also known to be able to support social relationships, including social insects with hierarchies where each individual knows its place (such as the paper wasp with its societies of approximately 80 individuals [19]) and computer-simulated virtual autonomous agents with simple reaction programming emulating what is referred to in primatology as "ape politics".[20]
- 例子：Malcolm Gladwell discusses the Dunbar number in his popular 2000 book The Tipping Point.The number has been used in the study of virtual communities, especially MMORPGs, such as Ultima Online, and social networking websites, such as Facebook (Dunbar himself did a study on Facebook in 2010[3]) and MySpace. 马尔科姆·格拉德威尓在畅销书《引爆点》中讨论的邓巴数字。 邓巴数字已经被用于虚拟社团的研究，特别是各种手游，比如Ultima在线，还用于社交网页，比如Facebook（邓巴在2010年自己也在Facebook做了研究）和Myspace。
- 出处：维基英文百科
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Susan Pinker writes about new findings in behavioral science in the Mind and Matter column, which appears Saturdays in the Wall Street Journal. 在华尔街日报每周六的心智与物质专栏，苏珊平克撰写在行为科学领域的新发现。
Her Globe and Mail（环球邮报） columns, Problem Solving and the Business Brain, applied the latest evidence from the fields of neuroscience, behavioral economics and social psychology to the world of business. They appeared weekly in The Globe and Mail from 2003-2011。 2003-2011年间，她给环球邮报写专栏问题解决与商业头脑，介绍来自神经科学，行为经济学和社会心理学领域的最新发现。
2014, her second book, The Village Effect: How Face-To-Face Contact Can Make Us Healthier and Happier, combines narrative nonfiction with science reporting to explore how our social bonds, face-to-face contact, and networks affect our thinking, learning, happiness, resilience and longevity.was selected as an Apple Nonfiction Best Pick in 2014.