STR-182 chainstate manager refactors

[delbonis]

Description

This sets up the chainstate interface, to do more of the bookkeeping in memory and avoid hitting the database as much.

Somewhat blocked on refactoring the traits, as I just realized halfway through making this. On hold for a bit as that should be merged soon.

Type of Change

• [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [x] New feature/Enhancement (non-breaking change which adds functionality or enhances an existing one)
• [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• [ ] Documentation update
• [x] Refactor
• [ ] New or updated tests

Checklist

• [ ] I have performed a self-review of my code.
• [ ] I have commented my code where necessary.
• [ ] I have updated the documentation if needed.
• [ ] My changes do not introduce new warnings.
• [ ] I have added tests that prove my changes are effective or that my feature works.
• [ ] New and existing tests pass with my changes.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 32 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 57.22%. Comparing base (d8b1013) to head (7d0a99c).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/storage/src/ops/chainstate.rs	0.00%	32 Missing :warning:

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #466      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   57.30%   57.22%   -0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         252      253       +1     
  Lines       28207    28239      +32     
==========================================
- Hits        16165    16161       -4     
- Misses      12042    12078      +36     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
crates/storage/src/ops/chainstate.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 5 files with indirect coverage changes