@article{Caligiore2019,
abstract = {Despite wide evidence suggesting anatomical and functional interactions between cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia, the learning processes operating within them —often viewed as respectively unsupervised, supervised and reinforcement learning— are studied in isolation, neglecting their strong interdependence. We discuss how those brain areas form a highly integrated system combining different learning mechanisms into an effective super-learning process supporting the acquisition of flexible motor behaviour. The term “super-learning” does not indicate a new learning paradigm. Rather, it refers to the fact that different learning mechanisms act in synergy as they: (a) affect neural structures often relying on the widespread action of neuromodulators; (b) act within various stages of cortical/subcortical pathways that are organised in pipeline to support multiple sensation-to-action mappings operating at different levels of abstraction; (c) interact through the reciprocal influence of the output compartments of different brain structures, most notably in the cerebello-cortical and basal ganglia-cortical loops. Here we articulate this new hypothesis and discuss empirical evidence supporting it by specifically referring to motor adaptation and sequence learning.},
author = {Daniele Caligiore and Michael A. Arbib and R. Chris Miall and Gianluca Baldassarre},
doi = {10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2019.02.008},
issn = {0149-7634},
journal = {Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews},
keywords = {Acetylcholine,Basal ganglia,Cerebellum,Cortex,Cortical-subcortical hierarchies,Dopamine,Interplay between learning mechanisms,Neuromodulation,Noradrenaline,Reinforcement learning,Serotonin,Super-learning,Supervised learning,System-level neuroscience,Unsupervised learning},
month = {5},
pages = {19-34},
pmid = {30790636},
publisher = {Pergamon},
title = {The super-learning hypothesis: Integrating learning processes across cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia},
volume = {100},
year = {2019},
}
@article{Caligiore2019, abstract = {Despite wide evidence suggesting anatomical and functional interactions between cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia, the learning processes operating within them —often viewed as respectively unsupervised, supervised and reinforcement learning— are studied in isolation, neglecting their strong interdependence. We discuss how those brain areas form a highly integrated system combining different learning mechanisms into an effective super-learning process supporting the acquisition of flexible motor behaviour. The term “super-learning” does not indicate a new learning paradigm. Rather, it refers to the fact that different learning mechanisms act in synergy as they: (a) affect neural structures often relying on the widespread action of neuromodulators; (b) act within various stages of cortical/subcortical pathways that are organised in pipeline to support multiple sensation-to-action mappings operating at different levels of abstraction; (c) interact through the reciprocal influence of the output compartments of different brain structures, most notably in the cerebello-cortical and basal ganglia-cortical loops. Here we articulate this new hypothesis and discuss empirical evidence supporting it by specifically referring to motor adaptation and sequence learning.}, author = {Daniele Caligiore and Michael A. Arbib and R. Chris Miall and Gianluca Baldassarre}, doi = {10.1016/J.NEUBIOREV.2019.02.008}, issn = {0149-7634}, journal = {Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews}, keywords = {Acetylcholine,Basal ganglia,Cerebellum,Cortex,Cortical-subcortical hierarchies,Dopamine,Interplay between learning mechanisms,Neuromodulation,Noradrenaline,Reinforcement learning,Serotonin,Super-learning,Supervised learning,System-level neuroscience,Unsupervised learning}, month = {5}, pages = {19-34}, pmid = {30790636}, publisher = {Pergamon}, title = {The super-learning hypothesis: Integrating learning processes across cortex, cerebellum and basal ganglia}, volume = {100}, year = {2019}, }