[C++] Always use optimization flags for SIMD related codes

[asfimport]

See the followings for the underlying problem:

• ARROW-15664

• https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-15678?focusedCommentId=17613909#comment-17613909

  We're using the following approaches for this problem:

• Template: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-15678?focusedCommentId=17524280#comment-17524280

• Optimization flags: https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/14342

  It may be better that we use one common approach (the optimization flags approach) for this problem.

  At first, we need to take a look at codes that may related to this problem to consider whether we can use the optimization flags approach. If we can use the optimization flags approach, we need to create a new CMake function for the approach and use it for each code.

Reporter: Kouhei Sutou / @kou

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17981. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Apache Arrow JIRA Bot: This issue was last updated over 90 days ago, which may be an indication it is no longer being actively worked. To better reflect the current state, the issue is being unassigned per project policy. Please feel free to re-take assignment of the issue if it is being actively worked, or if you plan to start that work soon.