Introduce a cache crate supporting concurrent cache value loading

[yahoNanJing]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #824.

Rationale for this change

What changes are included in this PR?

• Based on the linked_hash_map mod from hashlink, implement the LRU part
• Based on the cache_system crate of influxdb_iox, implement the cache loading part

Are there any user-facing changes?

[yahoNanJing]

Let's consider to merge this PR after #823 merged.

[yahoNanJing]

Hi @Dandandan, @thinkharderdev, @r4ntix, could you help review this PR?

[yahoNanJing]

I'm going to merge this PR so that the following PRs can continue.