[#3732] refactor(client-python): Update Python client to align with the Java client API

[noidname01]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

After the refactoring work in Java client is done (https://github.com/apache/gravitino/issues/3626), the Python client should also get updated to align with the Java API.

• Update all the catalog, schema and their implementation to align wiith client-java
• Remove redundant methods in Namespace and NameIdentifier
• Add some missing tests and modify existing tests to conform with new API

Why are the changes needed?

Fix: #3732

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No

How was this patch tested?

UT added and test with ./gradlew clients:client-python:test

[noidname01]

@shaofengshi @xloya @jerryshao Please review this PR, thanks!

[shaofengshi]

LGTM

[jerryshao]

We should fix the license header issue, it is changed to use ASF one now.