[cp][aptos-release-v1.24] [docker] use cloudfront debian mirrors for bullseye

[github-actions[bot]]

Backport

This will backport the following commits from main to aptos-release-v1.24:

• [docker] use cloudfront debian mirrors for bullseye (#15303)

Questions ?

Please refer to the Backport tool documentation

[trunk-io[bot]]

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