Fix 2191 - Handle unknown device/partition type

[svartkanin]

This fixes issue https://github.com/archlinux/archinstall/issues/2191 and addresses the confusion in https://github.com/archlinux/archinstall/issues/2467:

• Handle unknown device types gracefully
• Don't show the confusing Partition code not supported:1 output to the user and only log it to the log file