Refactor WiFi.begin() methods to improve Wifi connecting

[hasenradball]

why to improve?

With this rework the following benefits added:

• return value of int16_t
• return of -1 is possible => indicated timeout

tested on

• Arduino Nano 33 IOT

[github-actions[bot]]

Memory usage change @ 03da13c1767f6dd25cc1415e1c0258244dcebc9b

Board	flash	%	RAM for global variables	%
arduino:mbed_nano:nanorp2040connect	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:megaavr:uno2018:mode=on	:grey_question: -12 - +4	-0.02 - +0.01	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:samd:mkrvidor4000	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:samd:mkrwifi1010	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:samd:nano_33_iot	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0

Click for full report table

Board|`examples/AP_SimpleWebServer`
flash|%|`examples/AP_SimpleWebServer`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectNoEncryption`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectNoEncryption`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectWithWEP`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectWithWEP`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ScanNetworks`
flash|%|`examples/ScanNetworks`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced`
flash|%|`examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi`
flash|%|`examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion`
flash|%|`examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater`
flash|%|`examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough`
flash|%|`examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiChatServer`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiChatServer`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiPing`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiPing`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiSSLClient`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiSSLClient`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiStorage`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiStorage`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiWebClient`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiWebClient`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiWebServer`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiWebServer`
RAM for global variables|% -|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|- `arduino:mbed_nano:nanorp2040connect`|2|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|2|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0 `arduino:megaavr:uno2018:mode=on`|-12|-0.02|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|-2|-0.0|0|0.0|-2|-0.0|0|0.0|-2|-0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0 `arduino:samd:mkrvidor4000`|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0 `arduino:samd:mkrwifi1010`|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0 `arduino:samd:nano_33_iot`|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0

Click for full report CSV

``` Board,examples/AP_SimpleWebServer
flash,%,examples/AP_SimpleWebServer
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectNoEncryption
flash,%,examples/ConnectNoEncryption
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectWithWEP
flash,%,examples/ConnectWithWEP
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA
flash,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise
flash,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ScanNetworks
flash,%,examples/ScanNetworks
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced
flash,%,examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced
RAM for global variables,%,examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi
flash,%,examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi
RAM for global variables,%,examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion
flash,%,examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion
RAM for global variables,%,examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater
flash,%,examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater
RAM for global variables,%,examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough
flash,%,examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiChatServer
flash,%,examples/WiFiChatServer
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiPing
flash,%,examples/WiFiPing
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiSSLClient
flash,%,examples/WiFiSSLClient
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiStorage
flash,%,examples/WiFiStorage
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient
flash,%,examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString
flash,%,examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiWebClient
flash,%,examples/WiFiWebClient
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating
flash,%,examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiWebServer
flash,%,examples/WiFiWebServer
RAM for global variables,% arduino:mbed_nano:nanorp2040connect,2,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,2,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 arduino:megaavr:uno2018:mode=on,-12,-0.02,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,-2,-0.0,0,0.0,-2,-0.0,0,0.0,-2,-0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0 arduino:samd:mkrvidor4000,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 arduino:samd:mkrwifi1010,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 arduino:samd:nano_33_iot,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 ```

[JAndrassy]

I don't see the change. formatting changed. while instead for and return instead of break. I don't see what it does differently. and the connection time is same too.

[hasenradball]

@JAndrassy then you should have a closer look. see the status =-1;

[JAndrassy]

so yes, but why the other changes in the code? you must adapt to code style of the original source code and not change more lines than needed.

[github-actions[bot]]

Memory usage change @ e8b31b43bb17df044b09f003e58d31805e9649d1

Board	flash	%	RAM for global variables	%
arduino:mbed_nano:nanorp2040connect	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:megaavr:uno2018:mode=on	:grey_question: -2 - +4	-0.0 - +0.01	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:samd:mkrvidor4000	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:samd:mkrwifi1010	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0
arduino:samd:nano_33_iot	:small_red_triangle: 0 - +4	0.0 - 0.0	0 - 0	0.0 - 0.0

Click for full report table

Board|`examples/AP_SimpleWebServer`
flash|%|`examples/AP_SimpleWebServer`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectNoEncryption`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectNoEncryption`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectWithWEP`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectWithWEP`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise`
flash|%|`examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ScanNetworks`
flash|%|`examples/ScanNetworks`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced`
flash|%|`examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi`
flash|%|`examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion`
flash|%|`examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater`
flash|%|`examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough`
flash|%|`examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiChatServer`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiChatServer`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiPing`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiPing`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiSSLClient`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiSSLClient`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiStorage`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiStorage`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiWebClient`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiWebClient`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating`
RAM for global variables|%|`examples/WiFiWebServer`
flash|%|`examples/WiFiWebServer`
RAM for global variables|% -|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|- `arduino:mbed_nano:nanorp2040connect`|2|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|2|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0 `arduino:megaavr:uno2018:mode=on`|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|-2|-0.0|0|0.0|-2|-0.0|0|0.0|-2|-0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0|4|0.01|0|0.0 `arduino:samd:mkrvidor4000`|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0 `arduino:samd:mkrwifi1010`|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0 `arduino:samd:nano_33_iot`|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0|4|0.0|0|0.0

Click for full report CSV

``` Board,examples/AP_SimpleWebServer
flash,%,examples/AP_SimpleWebServer
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectNoEncryption
flash,%,examples/ConnectNoEncryption
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectWithWEP
flash,%,examples/ConnectWithWEP
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA
flash,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise
flash,%,examples/ConnectWithWPA2Enterprise
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ScanNetworks
flash,%,examples/ScanNetworks
RAM for global variables,%,examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced
flash,%,examples/ScanNetworksAdvanced
RAM for global variables,%,examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi
flash,%,examples/SimpleWebServerWiFi
RAM for global variables,%,examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion
flash,%,examples/Tools/CheckFirmwareVersion
RAM for global variables,%,examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater
flash,%,examples/Tools/FirmwareUpdater
RAM for global variables,%,examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough
flash,%,examples/Tools/SerialNINAPassthrough
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiChatServer
flash,%,examples/WiFiChatServer
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiPing
flash,%,examples/WiFiPing
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiSSLClient
flash,%,examples/WiFiSSLClient
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiStorage
flash,%,examples/WiFiStorage
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient
flash,%,examples/WiFiUdpNtpClient
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString
flash,%,examples/WiFiUdpSendReceiveString
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiWebClient
flash,%,examples/WiFiWebClient
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating
flash,%,examples/WiFiWebClientRepeating
RAM for global variables,%,examples/WiFiWebServer
flash,%,examples/WiFiWebServer
RAM for global variables,% arduino:mbed_nano:nanorp2040connect,2,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,2,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 arduino:megaavr:uno2018:mode=on,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,-2,-0.0,0,0.0,-2,-0.0,0,0.0,-2,-0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0,4,0.01,0,0.0 arduino:samd:mkrvidor4000,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 arduino:samd:mkrwifi1010,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 arduino:samd:nano_33_iot,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0,4,0.0,0,0.0 ```

[hasenradball]

Hi @JAndrassy,

added now only the necessary stuff to improve the existing WiFi.begin() methods. Here the summary:

• return type changed to int16_t due to NO_SHIELD needs value 255
• changed variable status also to int16_t
• return if connected directly => return status
• added status = -1; in case of timeout

[JAndrassy]

looks much better.

[hasenradball]

@JAndrassy one hint why I want to change the loop from for to while was the while loop is much faster than the for loop.

here a small result (while is 1/3 faster):

 === Loop Test === 

Duration while loop: 6 us
Value:   2147483648
Duration for-loop: 9 us
Value:   2147483648

#include <Arduino.h>

unsigned long loop_test1() {
  size_t counter {0};
  unsigned long value {1};
  while (value < 2147483648) {
    ++counter;
    value = value * 2;
  }
  return value;
}

unsigned long loop_test2() {
  volatile unsigned long value {1};
  for (size_t counter = 0; value < 2147483648; ++counter) {
    value *= 2;
  }
  return value;
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    yield();
  }

  Serial.println("\n\n === Loop Test === \n\n");
  unsigned long tic {micros()}, toc;
  unsigned long result = loop_test1();
  toc = micros();
  Serial.print("Duration while loop: ");
  Serial.print((toc-tic));
  Serial.println(" us");
  Serial.print("Value:   ");
  Serial.println(result);

  tic = micros();
  result = loop_test2();
  toc = micros();

  Serial.print("Duration for-loop: ");
  Serial.print((toc-tic));
  Serial.println(" us");
  Serial.print("Value:   ");
  Serial.println(result);
}

void loop() {
}

[JAndrassy]

that would lead me to investigate if it is really the same loop logic. I trust C++ compiler to generate the same assembly from both cases.

[hasenradball]

Hi @JAndrassy,

This can easily checked normally by godbold.

From my expirience as SW Developer I have often seen that while is faster than for loop. Thats the reason I suggested this.

If thats the case you will get 30% more performance for free.

I always say trust is fine but control is better.

[hasenradball]

Hi @JAndrassy,

I made some screenshots for you.

a) First example while loop:

==> You see 15 lines of Assembler instructions.

b) Second Example for loop:

I hope I compared apples with apples. It seems to be the same code. :-)