Add CI workflow to lint and check formatting of Go code

[MatteoPologruto]

Please check if the PR fulfills these requirements

• [x] The PR has no duplicates (please search among the Pull Requests before creating one)

• [x] The PR follows our contributing guidelines

• [x] Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)

• What kind of change does this PR introduce?

  Infrastructure enhancement

• What is the current behavior?

  The repository's Go module is not being checked.

• What is the new behavior?

  On every push and pull request that affects relevant files, check the repository's Go module for:

• Common detectable errors in the code.

• Use of outdated APIs

• Code style violations

• Code formatting inconsistency

• Misconfiguration

[MatteoPologruto]

Some style checks are still failing because I didn't know how to comment some exported go functions and types. @cmaglie can you please take a look at them? Furthermore, if you have any suggestions on how to improve the comments I already wrote, please feel free to point them out.