Update ark-snark to ark-algebra

[onewayfunc]

Description

This PR has several changes: (1) add patching, (2) change ark-test-curves feature to the curve one temporarily before a corresponding PR in ark-algebra is merged, and (3) fix a confusing "type annotations needed".

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Before we can merge this PR, please make sure that all the following items have been checked off. If any of the checklist items are not applicable, please leave them but write a little note why.

• [x] Targeted PR against correct branch (master)
• [x] Linked to Github issue with discussion and accepted design OR have an explanation in the PR that describes this work.
• [x] Re-reviewed Files changed in the Github PR explorer

N/A:

• [ ] Wrote unit tests
• [ ] Updated relevant documentation in the code
• [ ] Added a relevant changelog entry to the Pending section in CHANGELOG.md

[onewayfunc]

Waiting for the CI to pass.

[weikengchen]

Note: the new requirement that Proof and ProcessedVerifyingKey must implement CanonicalSerialize and CanonicalDeserialize may require some updates to Groth16 and other repos.