Getting Started with GitHub

[github-learning-lab[bot]]

:wave: Welcome to GitHub Learning Lab's "Introduction to GitHub"

To get started, I’ll guide you through some important first steps in coding and collaborating on GitHub.

:point_down: This arrow means you can expand the window! Click on them throughout the course to find more information.

What is GitHub?

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## What is GitHub? I'm glad you asked! Many people come to GitHub because they want to contribute to open source ^{[:book:](https://help.github.com/articles/github-glossary/#open-source)} projects, or they're invited by teammates or classmates who use it for their projects. Why do people use GitHub for these projects? **At its heart, GitHub is a collaboration platform.** From software to legal documents, you can count on GitHub to help you do your best work with the collaboration and security tools your team needs. With GitHub, you can keep projects completely private, invite the world to collaborate, and streamline every step of your project. **GitHub is also a powerful version control tool.** GitHub uses Git ^{[:book:](https://help.github.com/articles/github-glossary/#git)}, the most popular open source version control software, to track every contribution and contributor ^{[:book:](https://help.github.com/articles/github-glossary/#contributor)} to your project--so you know exactly where every line of code came from. **GitHub helps people do much more.** GitHub is used to build some of the most advanced technologies in the world. Whether you're visualizing data or building a new game, there's a whole community and set of tools on GitHub that can get you to the next step. This course starts with the basics, but we'll dig into the rest later! :tv: [Video: What is GitHub?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3jLJU7DT5E)

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Exploring a GitHub repository

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## Exploring a GitHub repository :tv: [Video: Exploring a repository](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8OAwrcMlRw) ### More features The video covered some of the most commonly-used features. Here are a few other items you can find in GitHub repositories: - Project boards: Create Kanban-style task tracking board within GitHub - Wiki: Create and store relevant project documentation - Insights: View a drop-down menu that contains links to analytics tools for your repository including: - Pulse: Find information about the work that has been completed and the work that’s in-progress in this project dashboard - Graphs: Graphs provide a more granular view of the repository activity including who contributed to the repository, who forked it, and when they completed the work ### Special Files In the video you learned about a special file called the README.md. Here are a few other special files you can add to your repositories: - CONTRIBUTING.md: The `CONTRIBUTING.md` is used to describe the process for contributing to the repository. A link to the `CONTRIBUTING.md` file is shown anytime someone creates a new issue or pull request. - ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md: The `ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md` is another file you can use to pre-populate the body of an issue. For example, if you always need the same types of information for bug reports, include it in the issue template, and every new issue will be opened with your recommended starter text.

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### Using issues This is an issue ^{[:book:](https://help.github.com/articles/github-glossary/#issue)}: a place where you can have conversations about bugs in your code, code review, and just about anything else. Issue titles are like email subject lines. They tell your collaborators what the issue is about at a glance. For example, the title of this issue is Getting Started with GitHub.

Using GitHub Issues

## Using GitHub issues Issues are used to discuss ideas, enhancements, tasks, and bugs. They make collaboration easier by: - Providing everyone (even future team members) with the complete story in one place - Allowing you to cross-link to other issues and pull requests ^{[:book:](https://help.github.com/articles/github-glossary/#pull-request)} - Creating a single, comprehensive record of how and why you made certain decisions - Allowing you to easily pull the right people and teams into a conversation with @-mentions :tv: [Video: Using issues](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zhj46r5D0nQ)

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Managing notifications

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## Managing notifications :tv: [Video: Watching, notifications, stars, and explore](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocQldxF7fMY) Once you've commented on an issue or pull request, you'll start receiving email notifications when there's activity in the thread. ### How to silence or unmute specific conversations 1. Go to the issue or pull request 2. Under _"Notifications"_, click the **Unsubscribe** button on the right to silence notifications or **Subscribe** to unmute them You'll see a short description that explains your current notification status. ### How to customize notifications in Settings 1. Click your profile icon 2. Click **Settings** 3. Click **Notifications** from the menu on the left and [adjust your notification preferences](https://help.github.com/articles/managing-notification-delivery-methods/) ### Repository notification options * **Watch**: You'll receive a notification when a new issue, pull request or comment is posted, and when an issue is closed or a pull request is merged * **Not watching**: You'll no longer receive notifications unless you're @-mentioned * **Ignore**: You'll no longer receive any notifications from the repository ### How to review notifications for the repositories you're watching 1. Click your profile icon 2. Click **Settings** 3. Click **Notification** from the menu on the left 4. Click on the [things you’re watching](https://github.com/watching) link 5. Select the **Watching** tab 6. Click the **Unwatch** button to disable notifications, or **Watch** to enable them

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Keep reading below to find your first task

[github-learning-lab[bot]]

Step 1: Assign yourself

Unassigned issues don't have owners to look after them. When you’re assigned to an issue or pull request, it tells repository visitors and contributors that you'll be facilitating the conversation or task :muscle:.

:keyboard: Activity

1. On the right side of the screen, under the "Assignees" section, click the gear icon and select yourself

For a printable version of the steps in this course, check out the Quick Reference Guide.

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I'll respond when I detect you've assigned yourself to this issue.

Sometimes I respond too fast for the page to update! If you perform an expected action and don't see a response from me, wait a few seconds and refresh the page for your next steps.

[avesh786]

Introduction

In the industry we use three methods for transmitting power from one point to another. Mechanical transmission is through shafts, gears, chains, belts, etc. Electrical transmission is through wires, transformers, etc. Fluid power is through liquids or gas in a confined space. In this chapter, we shall discuss a structure of hydraulic systems and pneumatic systems. We will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages and compare hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and mechanical systems.

Global fluid power Scenario

Eric Lanke: Step Two: Creating Scenarios Based on Megatrends

Fluid power is the technology that deals with the generation, control and transmission of forces and movement of mechanical element or system with the use of pressurized fluids in a confined system. Both liquids and gases are considered fluids. Fluid power system includes a hydraulic system (hydra meaning water in Greek) and a pneumatic system (pneuma meaning air in Greek). Oil hydraulic employs pressurized liquid petroleum oils and synthetic oils, and pneumatic employs compressed air that is released to the atmosphere after performing the work.

Perhaps it would be in order that we clarify our thinking on one point. By the term “fluid” we refer to air or oil, for it has been shown that water has certain drawbacks in the transmission of hydraulic power in machine operation and control. Commercially, pure water contains various chemicals (some deliberately included) and also foreign matter, and unless special precautions are taken when it is used, it is nearly impossible to maintain valves and working surfaces in satisfactory condition. In the cases where the hydraulic system is closed (i.e., the one with a self-contained unit that serves one machine or one small group of machines), oil is commonly used, thus providing, in addition to power transmission, benefits of lubrication not afforded by water as well as increased life and efficiency of packings and valves. It should be mentioned that in some special cases, soluble oil diluted with water is used for safety reasons. The application of fluid power is limited only by the ingenuity of the designer, production engineer or plant engineer. If the application pertains to lifting, pushing, pulling, clamping, tilting, forcing, pressing or any other straight line (and many rotary) motions, it is possible that fluid power will meet the requirement.

Basic system of Hydraulics-Major advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

• The hydraulic system uses incompressible fluid which results in higher efficiency.

• It delivers consistent power output which is difficult in pneumatic or mechanical drive systems.

• Hydraulic systems employ high density incompressible fluid. Possibility of leakage is less in hydraulic system as compared to that in pneumatic system. The maintenance cost is less.

• These systems perform well in hot environment conditions.

Disadvantages

• The material of storage tank, piping, cylinder and piston can be corroded with the hydraulic fluid. Therefore one must be careful while selecting materials and hydraulic fluid.

• The structural weight and size of the system is more which makes it unsuitable for the smaller instruments.

• The small impurities in the hydraulic fluid can permanently damage the complete system, therefore one should be careful and suitable filter must be installed.

• The leakage of hydraulic fluid is also a critical issue and suitable prevention method and seals must be adopted.

• The hydraulic fluids, if not disposed properly, can be harmful to the environment.

Difference between Hydraulics and Pneumatic

applications: Power Lift Crane Hoist Power Brakes Moving of large scale object......& much more.

Principles of Hydraulic Fluid power:

Hydro static Law:

U-world Physics: Fluid/gas #4 Flashcards | Quizlet

3 Ways to Calculate Fluid Pressure - wikiHowChapter 10: Fluids Three (common) phases of matter: 1. Solid ...

Hydrodynamic Law (Pascal's Law):

https://cdn.britannica.com/06/156806-050-3D1E6425/principle-press-Illustration-work-force-Pascal-pressure.jpg

Application of Pascal's Law

Pascal's Principlehttps://i.makeagif.com/media/12-05-2015/sS6Gwc.gif

Hydraulic Symbols

A family of graphic symbols has been developed to represent fluid power components and systems on schematic drawings. In the United States, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for symbol information. The Institute controls the make-up of symbols and makes changes or additions as required. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has the same control over symbols used internationally. Both systems have almost the same format (especially since ANSI changed its symbols in 1966 to eliminate all written information).

Quick revision

Electrical Elements used in hydraulic circuits

an electrical control circuit consists of the following parts:

1) Input element(s) 2) Controller 3) Actuating mechanism(s)