Switch to AWS Cloud Development Kit (CDK) v2

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Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

Staying up-to-date with CDK is an issue, as all dependencies need to be on the same version because of interdependencies.

Previous PRs:

• https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-sdk-js-notes-app/pull/22
• https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-sdk-js-notes-app/pull/31
• https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-sdk-js-notes-app/pull/33
• https://github.com/aws-samples/aws-sdk-js-notes-app/pull/54

CDK has documented this issue in an RFC: https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk-rfcs/blob/master/text/0006-monolothic-packaging.md

Describe the solution you'd like

Switch to AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) v2 as it's now generally available.

Describe alternatives you've considered

Keep using CDK v1, and update the versions only when required.

[trivikr]

Migrating to CDK v2 in the CDK Developer Guide

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API Reference