Upgrade to fastapi 0.52.0

[jguertin]

The 0.42.0 version of fastapi used pydantic 0.32.0 and we've been running against some validation limitations which made it difficult to work with.

Fastapi 0.52.0 uses pydantic 1.4 which has significant improvements. In particular:

• We'll be able to use root object validators for more complex cases
• Returning None from a validator no longer causes errors, which allows for more complex cases
• We can't start using enum types as fields, which simplifies data conversion.

Unfortunately, you'll note some additional pylint checks being disabled. pylint running on github actions has had issues recognizing the inner workings of pydantic. I'm not clear why, but this should eventually be handled as part of #288.

[sonarcloud[bot]]

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