Cross Product vs Element by Element Multiplication

[pavelbrn]

The following comment really confused me:

# Use matrix cross product (*) to simultaneously # calculate the derivative for each weight d_w1 = -x1*(targets - predictions) ...

https://ml-cheatsheet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/linear_regression.html#id4

In Numpy the cross product method would be np.cross() and not *, both versions give different results. Which is the correct version?

[ivanistheone]

Definitely no cross product invovled... cross product is a "hack" for getting perpendicular vectors and only applies for 3D vectors.

I'm guessing what is meant is just the "matrix product"

• think of x1 is also a row vector
• and (targets - predictions) as a column vector
• then the Python matrix-multiply operator @ corresponds to row-times-column style matrix product which is what we want (equivalent to computing the dot product, .dot)

Intuitively, the d for each weight has a contribution from each data point (n=200) so dot product by it's summy nature is the convenient tool for doing this.

see

import numpy as np

u = np.array([1,3,3])
v = np.array([2,2,3])

print("The dot product between u and v can be computer as...")
print("The sum of the elementwise-wise products", sum(u.T*v))
print("The matrix product", u@v)
print("Or by calling the .dot product on one-a-dem vecs", u.dot(v), v.dot(u))

@pavelbrn If you have time to fix this, perhaps you can open a PR with change:

# Use matrix cross product (*) to simultaneously
# calculate the derivative for each weight
d_w1 = -x1*(targets - predictions)

to

# Use dot product to calculate the derivative for each weight
d_w1 = -x1.dot(targets - predictions)

(I removed the whole "simulatanous" part because it doesn't apply here. Simultanous way would be to compute d as 3D vector where matrix-vector product would be useful, but the code shows cleaner coefficient-by-coefficient approach so matrix product not involved

[pavelbrn]

@ivanistheone Thank you for the good explanation! I opened up a new PR with the changes you proposed.