Check pre-commit in GitHub Actions

[chriszs]

This PR consolidates linting and type checking into a single step in CI which uses pre-commit. The benefit of this is that it enforces the use of pre-commit when submitting a PR, flagging when somebody has forgotten to do so and thus preventing the introduction of formatting issues into the code base (which will subsequently trip up anyone contributing to those files). This also upgrades mypy to 1.9.0 to clear an apparently erroneous pre-commit type checking error (error: Self? has no attribute "post" [attr-defined] when I ran pipenv run pre-commit run --all) and fixes formatting issues that have snuck in throughout the code base.

Closes #625

[chriszs]

This was a relatively simple change when I first filed it, but it has gotten more complicated. Here's what I have had to do:

• In response to some feedback from @stucka about type errors, I added type stubs for bs4 and openpyxl.
• I then proceeded to modify the scrapers to fix the type errors, mostly by adding type guards.
• I also modified the dependency for beautifulsoup4 from bs4, which according to the project description is a "a dummy package designed to prevent namesquatting on PyPI. You should install beautifulsoup4 instead." I believe type checking didn't work correctly until I did this, though I could have just been confused.
• To prevent bs4 from upgrading to a beta release, I changed allow_prereleases in the Pipfile to false.
• By this point a bunch of tests were failing in CI, so I pinned urllib3 to 1.26.18 to avoid an issue where vcrpy fails with urllib3 version 2.
• I deleted and re-recorded the test cassettes from pytest-vcr to match updated package versions.
• The Sphinx CI build was still failing, so I pinned a bunch of Sphinx-related deps to avoid another versioning issue.

These last couple of changes were not strictly related, but were effectively required to get CI to pass while installing packages because package versions are allowed to float, causing various package versioning mismatches.

[chriszs]

Also updated the versions in pre-commit to match the versions in Pipfile.lock by using pre-commit autoupdate.

[stucka]

I'm speechless here, @chriszs . You are absolutely amazing.

Everything looks stellar, just stunning.

Just to double-check one thing right at the beginning -- you're replacing the old linting step with a call to run precommit, so there's no repetition?

[chriszs]

@stucka Yes, that's right.