[PM-12579] Add support for compiler flags in CI build workflow

[vvolkgang]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-12579

📔 Objective

Add support for compiler flags in our build workflow. This will enable us to create internal builds with compiler flagged features enabled.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 88.76%. Comparing base (a674339) to head (262048a). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #965 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 88.76% 88.76% ======================================= Files 638 638 Lines 40082 40082 ======================================= Hits 35580 35580 Misses 4502 4502 ```

:umbrella: View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
:loudspeaker: Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[github-actions[bot]]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – 7ac3dd14-79c0-4e05-916f-c4f9422c460c

New Issues

Severity	Issue	Source File / Package	Checkmarx Insight
	Unpinned Actions Full Length Commit SHA	/build.yml: 146	Pinning an action to a full length commit SHA is currently the only way to use an action as an immutable release. Pinning to a particular SHA helps...