[PM-12580] Adds CI for the internal Beta build

[vvolkgang]

🎟️ Tracking

https://bitwarden.atlassian.net/browse/PM-12580

📔 Objective

Automates building and distributing an internal Beta build with the Debug Menu available. This may be used in the near future for preview xcode features.

Also bumps the base version number to fix builds failing in main.

⏰ Reminders before review

• Contributor guidelines followed
• All formatters and local linters executed and passed
• Written new unit and / or integration tests where applicable
• Protected functional changes with optionality (feature flags)
• Used internationalization (i18n) for all UI strings
• CI builds passed
• Communicated to DevOps any deployment requirements
• Updated any necessary documentation (Confluence, contributing docs) or informed the documentation team

🦮 Reviewer guidelines

• 👍 (:+1:) or similar for great changes
• 📝 (:memo:) or ℹ️ (:information_source:) for notes or general info
• ❓ (:question:) for questions
• 🤔 (:thinking:) or 💭 (:thought_balloon:) for more open inquiry that's not quite a confirmed issue and could potentially benefit from discussion
• 🎨 (:art:) for suggestions / improvements
• ❌ (:x:) or ⚠️ (:warning:) for more significant problems or concerns needing attention
• 🌱 (:seedling:) or ♻️ (:recycle:) for future improvements or indications of technical debt
• ⛏ (:pick:) for minor or nitpick changes

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 89.10%. Comparing base (db484ff) to head (629d605). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #971 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 89.10% 89.10% ======================================= Files 657 657 Lines 41317 41317 ======================================= Hits 36814 36814 Misses 4503 4503 ```

:umbrella: View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
:loudspeaker: Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[github-actions[bot]]

Checkmarx One – Scan Summary & Details – 5c493ba5-ae77-46cf-9ed0-46d195efc76d

New Issues

Severity	Issue	Source File / Package	Checkmarx Insight
	Unpinned Actions Full Length Commit SHA	/CI-main.yml: 86	Pinning an action to a full length commit SHA is currently the only way to use an action as an immutable release. Pinning to a particular SHA helps...