Resources on Blockchain & AI

afomi commented 8 months ago

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/11/8/170 - Artificial Intelligence Implementations on the Blockchain. Use Cases and Future Applications
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.08604.pdf - A Survey of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence for 6G Wireless Communications

VA9824 commented 8 months ago

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949948824000015 - AI-powered blockchain technology in industry 4.0, a review
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-28707-9 - The collaborative role of blockchain, artificial intelligence, and industrial internet of things in digitalization of small and medium-size enterprises
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9819078/ - AI-Powered Blockchain Technology for Public Health: A Contemporary Review, Open Challenges, and Future Research Directions
https://blockchainhealthcaretoday.com/index.php/journal/index - Blockchain in Healthcare Today (BHTY) international open access journal

afomi commented 6 months ago

EU Blockchain Group publishes on Ethics

https://ec.europa.eu/digital-building-blocks/sites/display/EBSI/EU+Expert+Group+on+Blockchain+Ethics via Sandy Barsky

afomi commented 6 months ago

Softwar is now on archive.org

https://archive.org/details/softwar-theory

ryanwoldatwork commented 2 months ago

via ChatGPT

are there blockchain prototcols that have use beyond the blockchain?

Yes, several blockchain protocols and technologies have applications that extend beyond blockchain systems themselves. These protocols offer features such as security, cryptography, consensus mechanisms, and distributed computing that can be valuable in non-blockchain systems. Below are a few key blockchain technologies that have broader uses:

1. Merkle Trees

What It Is: Merkle trees are a cryptographic data structure used to ensure the integrity of large datasets by breaking them down into smaller chunks and hashing them. Each leaf node is a hash of a data block, and the non-leaf nodes are hashes of their child nodes, forming a tree structure.
Use in Blockchain: In Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many other blockchains, Merkle trees are used to verify the consistency of data (e.g., transactions in a block) efficiently and securely without needing to store all the individual data points.
Use Beyond Blockchain:
- Data integrity: Merkle trees are used in distributed systems, file storage, and databases to ensure data integrity and allow quick verification without needing to download or compare entire datasets.
- Version control: Git, for example, uses a Merkle tree-like structure to efficiently track changes and ensure the integrity of file versions.
- P2P systems: In systems like BitTorrent, Merkle trees can verify chunks of downloaded data to prevent corruption or tampering.
Use Case: Secure file storage systems, distributed databases, version control systems, and peer-to-peer networks.

2. Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)

What It Is: A cryptographic technique that allows one party to prove to another party that a statement is true without revealing any additional information beyond the fact that the statement is true.
Use in Blockchain: ZKPs are used in privacy-focused blockchains like Zcash, which allows transactions to be verified without revealing the identities of the participants or the amounts involved.
Use Beyond Blockchain:
- Authentication: ZKPs can be used for secure authentication in systems where privacy is important. For example, a user could prove they are authorized without revealing their identity or credentials.
- Data privacy: ZKPs can be applied in industries like healthcare or finance to prove that certain criteria (e.g., creditworthiness, health status) are met without disclosing sensitive personal data.
- Secure voting systems: ZKPs can help ensure voter privacy while still verifying that each vote is valid.
Use Case: Privacy-preserving authentication systems, data privacy solutions, identity verification, and secure voting systems.

3. Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)

What It Is: Byzantine Fault Tolerance is a property of distributed systems that ensures they can continue to operate correctly even if some nodes act maliciously or fail.
Use in Blockchain: Blockchains like Tendermint, Hyperledger, and NEO use BFT consensus algorithms to achieve agreement across distributed nodes, even in the presence of faulty or malicious actors.
Use Beyond Blockchain:
- Distributed databases: BFT can be used to ensure that a distributed database remains consistent and available even if some servers fail or behave maliciously.
- Distributed cloud services: Systems like cloud storage or cloud computing that rely on distributed nodes can use BFT to ensure service continuity and reliability.
- Critical systems: In aviation, banking, or industrial control systems, BFT algorithms can ensure robustness against faults or attacks.
Use Case: Distributed databases, cloud storage services, distributed computing, and critical system infrastructure.

4. Smart Contracts

What It Is: Smart contracts are self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement directly written into code. When certain conditions are met, the contract automatically executes.
Use in Blockchain: Smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum allow decentralized applications (dApps) to automate trustless agreements between parties, such as financial transactions, token exchanges, and more.
Use Beyond Blockchain:
- Automation of legal contracts: Smart contracts can be used to automate parts of legal contracts, such as releasing funds upon delivery or triggering legal actions when certain conditions are met.
- Supply chain automation: Smart contracts can automate processes in supply chains, such as triggering payments when goods reach a destination or verifying the authenticity of goods.
- IoT: In IoT (Internet of Things) systems, smart contracts could trigger actions between devices based on predefined conditions (e.g., turning on a machine if sensors report specific conditions).
Use Case: Legal automation, supply chain management, automated payments, and IoT device automation.

5. Decentralized Identity (DID) and Verifiable Credentials (VC)

What It Is: Decentralized identity is a protocol that allows individuals to manage their own identity data without relying on a centralized authority. Verifiable Credentials enable the secure sharing of identity information between entities, without requiring the exposure of sensitive information.
Use in Blockchain: Projects like Sovrin and uPort use DID and VC to create self-sovereign identity systems that operate on the blockchain, allowing individuals to control and verify their own identities securely.
Use Beyond Blockchain:
- Identity management: DID and VC can be used in systems like single sign-on (SSO) without needing centralized identity providers (e.g., Google, Facebook).
- Government and healthcare: Governments or healthcare systems can issue verifiable digital identity credentials that users can share with third parties without needing to expose private data.
Use Case: Digital identity management, secure login systems, and privacy-focused identity verification.

6. Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS)

What They Are: Proof of Work and Proof of Stake are consensus mechanisms used to achieve agreement in decentralized networks. PoW involves solving computational puzzles to validate transactions, while PoS involves selecting validators based on the amount of stake (usually cryptocurrency) they hold.
Use in Blockchain: Bitcoin uses PoW to secure its network, while blockchains like Ethereum (after the merge), Cardano, and Polkadot use PoS to achieve consensus.
Use Beyond Blockchain:
- Distributed computing: PoW-like systems can be used in distributed computing systems to incentivize participants to contribute computing resources (e.g., BOINC or Folding@Home).
- Resource allocation: PoS-like mechanisms can be applied in resource allocation systems to ensure that resources are used efficiently and fairly.
- Spam prevention: PoW can be used for spam prevention by requiring users to solve computational challenges before sending emails (similar to what Hashcash did).
Use Case: Distributed computing projects, resource allocation systems, spam prevention, and distributed consensus mechanisms.

7. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)

What It Is: A distributed ledger is a database spread across multiple sites, regions, or participants, with no central authority. Each participant has a copy of the ledger, and updates are agreed upon through a consensus mechanism.
Use in Blockchain: Blockchains are a type of DLT, where every transaction is recorded in blocks that are cryptographically linked.
Use Beyond Blockchain:
- Supply chain: Distributed ledgers can be used to track goods in a supply chain, providing a transparent and tamper-proof record of every step.
- Financial systems: DLT can be used for interbank settlements, cross-border payments, or clearinghouses, enabling transparent and real-time tracking of transactions.
Use Case: Supply chain transparency, financial settlements, digital asset tracking, and real-time transaction systems.

Conclusion

Many blockchain protocols provide valuable features—such as cryptographic security, decentralized identity, fault tolerance, and smart contracts—that can be used beyond the blockchain. These technologies can improve security, privacy, efficiency, and reliability in various industries and systems, even if a full blockchain isn't needed.

afomi commented 1 month ago

VA9824 commented 1 month ago

@afomi Thank you for sharing the above articles.
The Toyota article on the use of blockchain for autonomous vehicles is interesting to me . Here's an article that discusses some other companies efforts in this area https://www.blockedge.io/blog/role-of-blockchain-technology-in-autonomous-vehicles/

afomi commented 1 month ago

Hemi Network, a modular Layer 2 network facilitating Ethereum smart contract functionality secured by the Bitcoin network.

https://thedefiant.io/news/blockchains/jeff-garzik-s-hemi-network-brings-evm-execution-to-bitcoin

blockchain-working-group / agendas