perf: cost-free conversion from paths to `&str`

[h-a-n-a]

Background:

When I was migrating PathBuf to Utf8PathBuf, etc, I found out some regression in our benchmarks. Then I found out as_str is actually not cost-free as in the older version of rustc there's no way to get the underlying bytes out of an OsStr until 1.74.0.

In this PR, with the help of OsStr::as_encoded_bytes was stabilized in 1.74.0, We can perform a cost-free conversion from &OsStr to &str with constraint of it's underlying bytes are UTF-8 encoded.

Benchmark:

I did an ad-hoc benchmark with the following code and turned out the time cost is a constant now.

code

```rust use std::ffi::OsStr; use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, BenchmarkId, Criterion}; fn bench_path(c: &mut Criterion) { let mut group = c.benchmark_group("match UTF-8 validation check"); for i in [10, 100, 1000, 10000] { let p = "i".repeat(i); group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("osstr to_str", i), &p, |b, i| { b.iter(|| { let a = OsStr::new(black_box(i)); let _ = unsafe { black_box(a).to_str().unwrap_unchecked() }; }) }); group.bench_with_input(BenchmarkId::new("osstr as_encoded_bytes", i), &p, |b, i| { b.iter(|| { let a = OsStr::new(black_box(i)); let _ = unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(black_box(a).as_encoded_bytes()) }; }) }); } } criterion_group!(benches, bench_path); criterion_main!(benches); ```

Result:

// String length of 10
osstr to_str/10 
                        time:   [5.9769 ns 5.9913 ns 6.0060 ns]
osstr as_encoded_bytes/10 
                        time:   [554.90 ps 558.32 ps 562.19 ps]

// String length of 100
osstr to_str/100
                        time:   [6.6113 ns 6.6250 ns 6.6404 ns]
osstr as_encoded_bytes/100
                        time:   [553.18 ps 557.33 ps 561.68 ps]

// String length of 1000
osstr to_str/1000
                        time:   [26.990 ns 27.033 ns 27.086 ns]
osstr as_encoded_bytes/1000
                        time:   [553.66 ps 560.67 ps 570.42 ps]

// String length of 10000
osstr to_str/10000
                        time:   [310.17 ns 310.77 ns 311.32 ns]
osstr as_encoded_bytes/10000
                        time:   [550.98 ps 555.16 ps 559.53 ps]

[sunshowers]

Thank you for the fantastic contribution! I'd also love to get your benchmark into the repo -- would you be willing to update this PR with it, otherwise is it okay if I pull it in? Using criterion as you've done is great.

There is some history here, which is that we previously did pointer casting from OsStr to str. But it was privately flagged to me that there's no repr(transparent) relationship between the two so that wasn't sound. as_encoded_bytes solves this, though.

[h-a-n-a]

would you be willing to update this PR with it

I would love to! Would you also like to integrate codspeed into the repo? If the answer is a yes, I can add a feature "codspeed" to enable the bench case running with codspeed on CI (This requires additional CODSPEED_TOKEN to get it running). Otherwise, I can just add the bench case.

Pre-requisites for codspeed running in GitHub Actions: https://docs.codspeed.io/ci/github-actions

[sunshowers]

Thanks again! Will get a release out shortly.

[sunshowers]

This is now out in camino 1.1.8.

[h-a-n-a]

Thanks for the help!