[Backport stable/8.2] fix: db transaction inconsistencies when deleting keys

[backport-action]

Description

Backport of #1139 to stable/8.2.

relates to camunda/zeebe-process-test#1001 #1001

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Test Results

 50 files  ±0   50 suites  ±0   1m 47s :stopwatch: +6s 111 tests +2  111 :white_check_mark: +2  0 :zzz: ±0  0 :x: ±0  356 runs  +6  356 :white_check_mark: +6  0 :zzz: ±0  0 :x: ±0 

Results for commit 3ea27c86. ± Comparison against base commit e895ff09.

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Build succeeded:

• Test summary