[Backport stable/8.3] fix: db transaction inconsistencies when deleting keys

[backport-action]

Description

Backport of #1139 to stable/8.3.

relates to camunda/zeebe-process-test#1001 #1001

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Test Results

 50 files  ±0   50 suites  ±0   1m 27s :stopwatch: -8s 112 tests +2  112 :white_check_mark: +2  0 :zzz: ±0  0 :x: ±0  359 runs  +6  359 :white_check_mark: +6  0 :zzz: ±0  0 :x: ±0 

Results for commit 6b5bcf84. ± Comparison against base commit 639e5e14.

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Build succeeded:

• Test summary