feat!: validate devel bases

[mr-cal]

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Upstream build-base devel validation for all *craft applications. This draft treats devel as the devel base, but I will update this to 26.04 before this PR can land 24.10 when it is available.

Downstream integrations:

• https://github.com/canonical/charmcraft/pull/1634
• https://github.com/canonical/snapcraft/pull/4721
• https://github.com/canonical/rockcraft/pull/532

Fixes #298 (CRAFT-2675)