Tkinter笔记

[capsiamese]

introduction

TkReference

Tkinter8.5Tutor TkDocs pyguis pythonTutorial TkTutor RealPythonTk

Concept

Widgets

1. ttk.Frame(root, padding)
2. ttk.Button(root, text, command)
3. ttk.Entry(root, width, textvariable)
4. ttk.Label(root, text)

Frame.winfo_children() 获取所有子组件 widget.configure(kw='') 设置参数 widget.configure() 获取所有参数 widget.configure('') 查询某个参数

widget.winfo_xxx() 获取组件的信息

1. winfo_class 获取某类组件的类标识
2. winfo_children 获取所有直接子组件
3. winfo_parent 获取父组件
4. winfo_toplevel 包含这个组件的顶层窗口
5. winfo_width winfo_height 获取组件的宽高
6. winfo_reqwith winfo_reqheight 获取组件告诉窗口管理器的请求宽高
7. winfo_x winfo_x 获取组件想对父组件的左上角坐标
8. winfo_rootx winfo_rooty 获取组件相对屏幕的坐标
9. winfo_vieweable 判断组件是否可见

Frame

frame = ttk.Frame(parent, style='Danger.TFrame') 通常所有的风格化组件都有style关键字参数来设置风格 f['padding'] = 5 # All 5 f['padding'] = (5,10) # LR=5 TB=10 f['padding'] = (5,10,20,1) # Left,Top,Right,Bottom

f['borderwidth'] = 2 f['relief'] = 'flat','raised','sunken','solid','ridge','groove' 边界的质感

Label

label = ttk.Label(parent, text='') 用来展示文本或者图片 label['textvariable'] = StringVar() 可以动态改变文本 img = PhotoImage(file='') label['image'] = img 展示图片 label['font'] = 'TkDefaultFount'

label可以同时展示文字和图片, 使用compoundconfiguration选项

Button

button = ttk.Button(parent, text='', command=func) button.state(['disabled']) set disable button.state(['!disabled']) clear disable button.instate(['disabled']) true if disabled button.instate(['!disabled']) true if not disabled button.instate(['disabled'], cmd) execute cmd if disabled stateFlags = ['active',disabled,focus,pressed,selected,background,readonly,alternate,invalid]

Checkbutton

check = ttk.Checkbutton(parent, text='', command=cmd,variable=var,onvalue='',offvalue='')

Radiobutton

a = ttk.Radiobutton(parent, text='',variable=var, value='') b = ttk.Radiobutton(parent, text='',variable=var, value='')

Entry

entry = ttk.Entry(parent,textvariable,show="*",validatecommand) entry.insert(index,'') entry.delete(index,'') entry.trace_add('',cmd) 订阅内容改变事件

Combobox

cbb = ttk.Combobox(parent, textvariable) cbb['values'] = ('','','')

Listbox

Listbox(parent, height, listvariable)

Scrollbar

ttk.Scrollbar(parent,orient=VERTICAL,command=listbox.yview) listbox.configure(yscrollcommand=cmd)

Text

Text(parent, width, height)

Scale

ttk.Scale(parent,orient=HORIZONTAL,length,from_,to)

Spinbox

ttk.Spinbox(parent,from_,to,textvariable)

Progressbar

ttk.Progressbar(parent,orient=HORIZONTAL,length,mode='determinate')

Misc

ttk.Separator ttk.Labelframe ttk.PanedWindow ttk.Notebook ttk.Treeview

GeometryManagement

Grid

widget.grid(column,row, columnspan, rowspan, sticky, padx, pady) 网格布局中, 每个组件都被赋予了一个行号和列号, span表示占几列/行

widget.columnconfigure(index,weight) widget.rowconfigure(index,weight)

grid_configure(padx, pady) # 设置组件的内边距

EventHandling

widget.bind('', command)绑定事件 root.event_generate('<>') 虚拟事件

变量

1. StringVar(value=)
2. BooleanVar(value=)
3. IntVar(value=)
4. DoubleVar(value=)

Menubar

添加菜单栏前需要调用 root.option_add('',FALSE) win = Toplevel(root) menubar = Menu(win) menubar.add_command(label, command) menubar.add_cascade(menu=,label=) menubar.add_separator() win['menu'] = menubar

Dialog

from tkinter import filedialog

1. filedialog.askopenfilename()
2. filedialog.asksaveasfilename()
3. filedialog.askdirectory()

from tkinter import messagebox

1. messagebox.showinfo(message=)
2. messagebox.askyesno(message=,icon=,title=)

ColorChooser

from tkinter import colorchooser colorchooser.askcolor()

Canvas

canvas = Canvas(parent,width,height,background)

1. canvas.create_line(x1,y1,x2,y2,fill,width)
2. canvas.create_rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2,fill,outline)
3. canvas.create_oval
4. canvas.create_polygon
5. canvas.create_arc
6. canvas.create_image
7. canvas.create_text
8. canvas.create_window