carloscn
commented
5 months ago 语言点： 形式主语/宾语
在英语语法中，形式主语和形式宾语是用来保持句子结构完整性的占位符。
It is difficult to [solve the problem]. We find it difficult to [solve the problem].
It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 事件的性质： It is important for us to learn English. 侧重点是学习英语 It is adj. of sb. to do sth. 人的品质: It is kind of you to help me. 侧重点是人好心
形式主语: 形式主语通常用 "it" 来代替实际的主语，当实际的主语是一个不定式（to do something），一个动名词（doing something），或者是一个从句（that...）时，我们使用形式主语 "it"。
例如:
- It is important to learn English.（学习英语很重要。） 在这句话中，"to learn English" 是实际的主语，但它放在句子的开始会使句子显得笨拙。所以，我们用 "it" 作为形式主语放在句首，而将实际的主语放在后面。
- It is annoying having to wait in long lines.（在长队里等待是令人烦恼的。） "having to wait in long lines" 是造成烦恼的行为，是实际的主语，但 "it" 作为形式主语出现在句子前面。
- It was clear that she had been practicing.（很明显，她一直在练习。） 这里，"that she had been practicing" 是一个表明明显事实的从句，而 "it" 作为形式主语。
形式宾语: 形式宾语通常用 "it" 来代替实际的宾语，这样做的目的是为了避免将一个复杂的从句或不定式直接作为宾语放在某些动词后面。
例如:
- I find it difficult to wake up early.（我发现早起很困难。） 在这句话中，"to wake up early" 是实际的宾语，但是为了保持句子的流畅性，我们将 "it" 作为形式宾语置于动词 "find" 之后。
- She made it a rule to read before bed.（她规定自己睡前阅读。） "to read before bed" 是一个不定式短语作为实际的宾语，但 "it" 作为形式宾语出现在句中，起到了占位的作用。
在这些例子中，“it”并不指代任何具体的人或物，它只是起到句子结构上的作用，使得句子在语法上更加完整和流畅。
Shopping Made Easy
People are not so honest as they once were[^4].
The temptation[^1] to steal is greater than ever before[^5] --- especially in large shops.
A detective recently watched a well-dressed[^6] woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings.
One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in.
So it was[^7] easier for the detective to watch her.
The woman first bought a few small articles[^2].
After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible.
Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying.
When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was[^8] her daughter.
The girl "gave" her mother a free dress once a week.
[^1]: temptation n 诱惑 | tempt v 诱惑 | be tempted to [^2]: article n. 物品 文章 东西 冠词 [^3]: shop assistant 导购 店员 | servant 服务员 | waiter waitress 服务员 | [^4]: People are not so honest as they once were (honest) 方式状语，比较，可以省略 [^5]: The temptation to steal is greater than ever before. 短语 "temptation to [verb]" 是一个固定的搭配，表示做某事的诱惑或冲动。"Temptation to" 后面通常跟动词的原形，强调的是想要去做某个行为的冲动。例如："the temptation to eat sweets," "the temptation to lie," 或 "the temptation to quit." [^6]: well-dressed | adj + 过去分词 = 形容词 well-prepared 精心准备的 [^7]: it was + adj. for sb. to do sth. 见comment 语言点 [^8]: 这里was daughter用了过去时，而没有一般现在时 ：https://github.com/carloscn/english/issues/66#issuecomment-2043928533