aryamanarora
commented
3 years ago (Oh yeah, Hindi has two levels of causative verbs which is why I labelled CAUS and CAUS2 in my glosses. Historically, CAUS was a direct causative "X makes Y do Z" and CAUS2 was an indirect causative "X makes Y do Z to W", but this distinction is not consistently maintained in most verbs anymore. But that's a more Indo-Aryan languages only issue, not as relevant here.)
nschneid
Hindi can use the accusative case marker ko or the instrumental case marker se to mark someone forced to do something in a causative construction. Basically, this object is involved in two scenes: (1) the impeller making them do the action; (2) them performing the action (ambiguous whether the impeller is aiding or not). The action itself may have a Theme (and in this case the instrumental is used on the impelled agent), further enforcing (2).
Currently I label this Agent~Instrument, but you'll see why this doesn't work...
So not only is there force dynamics going on in scene (1), which we don't really know how to label, but there's also the conflict between the two scenes. And of course, this will be an issue in English too if we annotate non-marked core participants. Korean also has causatives, but I'm not sure how they're being treated.
To make matters more troubling, the impelled agent may have a scene role that isn't Agent:
So this is some combination of Originator (scene role), Agent (function as writer), ??? (function as someone being impelled), Instrument (the prototypical function of the instrumental case).
The best place to start, I think, is to figure out what to label someone who is being impelled to do something.